Zen – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Posted: October 27, 2014 at 11:54 pm
El zen es una escuela del budismo mahyna.
La palabra zen es la pronunciacin en japons de la palabra china chan (), que a su vez deriva de la palabra snscrita dhiana, que significa meditacin. Cabe destacar que el maestro japons Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki iguala el dhyana con el zazen[1] (en chino zuchn, meditacin sentado).
Apartndose del conocimiento terico o intelectual, el zen busca la experiencia de la sabidura ms all del discurso racional.[2] Las enseanzas de zen incluyen varias fuentes del pensamiento mahyna, incluyendo la literatura Praj-paramit como el Praj-paramit-sutra y las enseanzas de Yogacara y de la escuela tatha-gata-garbha.
El zen emergi desde distintas escuelas de budismo y fue registrado primero en China en el siglo VII, luego se dispers hacia el sur a Vietnam y al este a Corea y Japn. Tradicionalmente se da el crdito de traer el zen a China a Bodhidharma, un prncipe convertido en monje proveniente de la Dinasta pallava (de India del Sur), que lleg a China para ensear una:
transmisin especial fuera de las escrituras, no encontrada en palabra o letras.
El zen es una de las escuelas del budismo ms conocidas y apreciadas en Occidente. Con el popular nombre japons zen suele aludirse en realidad a un abanico muy amplio de escuelas y prcticas de este tipo de budismo en toda Asia.
Como toda escuela budista, el zen tiene su raz en la India, aunque slo en China adquiere su forma definitiva. La palabra zen es la lectura en japons del carcter chino chn (), que a su vez es una transcripcin del trmino snscrito dhyna, traducido normalmente como "meditacin". La influencia de esta escuela lleg hasta Corea, en donde se llama son, y tambin hasta Vietnam, en donde se conoce como thin. Ntese que los nombres antes mencionados (a excepcin del snscrito) son distintas pronunciaciones del mismo ideograma chino.
En los sutras del budismo mahayana se recomienda el cultivo del dhyana como la va preferente para conseguir el nirvana.[3] En su versin india, se observaba una progresin en distintos estados de la meditacin o jhanas[4] que se suceden en un cultivo gradual. El Chan chino le aporta como novedad la idea de un acceso directo y espontneo al estado ltimo y superior de todos ellos - aquel que precede inmediatamente a la experiencia del nirvana - sin necesidad de experimentar los anteriores, mediante vas de acceso espontneas. El Chan es por antonomasia la tradicin budista de la intuicin y la espontaneidad.
El chan se desarroll en China. All el budismo se asent desde el siglo I. Al principio era una mera transposicin del budismo indio, entre cuyas principales actividades estaba la traduccin y el estudio de textos. Progresivamente se desarrollan varias escuelas del budismo, una de las cuales es la escuela Chn.
Se considera que las formas tempranas del budismo Chn surgen en el siglo VI a partir de la influencia de diversos stras o textos sagrados del budismo mahyna, todos ellos de procedencia india, a los que ms tarde se les aadir una serie de apcrifos.
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Zen - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
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