In 2002, Dr. Donald Moss, then president of the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB), decided to devote his entire annual meeting to exploring the role of spirituality in health care. Given the growing interest in the subject at that time, this seemed like a good idea just not one that was unanimously embraced. One member of the association resigned immediately following the conference.

His point of view was that the word spirit or the word religion shouldnt even be mentioned in the same sentence with science, said Moss during a recent conversation, which I think is a very archaic attitude.

Times have changed.

With more than 75 percent of all medical schools in the U.S. having integrated spirituality into their training programs up from just three schools 20 years ago its safe to say that this once marginalized subject has made it into the mainstream of modern medicine.

What remains to be seen, however, is what role spirituality might play going forward.

NOT SO NEW

Moss points out science-based investigations of the confluence between spirituality and health are not particularly new, citing the work of 19th-century scientist Francis Galton, cousin of Charles Darwin and father of modern statistical analysis who, in 1872, wrote an article probing the health effects of intercessory prayer.

Heres a man who was certainly respected by scientists, and he thought it was an interesting question, said Moss. He even said, since so much of the worlds population believes that prayer is effective, isnt that in itself some evidence?

According to Christina Puchalski, professor of medicine and health sciences at George Washington School of Medicine and director of the George Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health (GWISH), the number of people asking these kinds of questions began to drop right about the time Galton died.

Spirituality has been foundational in health care for centuries but became overshadowed by early 20th-century technological advances in diagnosis and treatment, wrote Puchalski in a recent article. Though these advances were dramatic and resulted in countless lives saved, the scientific focus moved the culture of medicine away from a holistic, service-oriented model

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The role of spirituality in health care