It seems most agree that returning students to the classroom is more important than ever. The pressures to do so statewide are increasing, but not just because students need to be there. As long as children remain home from school, the economy cannot fully recover, at least, the kind of economy we knew only months ago. And something else to consider, school response to COVID may be ushering in new attitudes about education, both K-12 and higher education, regarding how we educate, how much it should cost, and their relative value propositions.

Without getting into higher education right now, the case for getting kids back to school goes like this. The risk of COVID-19 for children is relatively low. Sustained sheltering at home has delayed the education and the socialization most students need. There are damaging health and mental health effects, as well as the fear of increased abuse at home, for some children. Furthermore, many people depend on schools for subsidized meals, and sometimes, counseling and health screening. As for the parents, most need their kids in a school building so they can work. The economy, whether one is an employer or an employee, simply cant fully recover if school buildings remain closed to students. And while virtual learning options address one problem, they will still put a burden on family members to find a way to have an adult at home, or some kind of supervision for their children.

Parents will decide how much risk they want to take, given their own family situations, capabilities, and resources, not unlike all the many other factors that must be weighed on a daily basis. A pediatrician friend made sure I knew that our medical community and infrastructure can adequately manage COVID, but our kids need to go back to school. My brother, an emergency room doctor with advance degree work in pharmacology, says the same thing. Teachers and administrators, however, especially the older ones, are in a tough spot, but one that is no different than so many others whose employers expect them to go to work, regardless of how they feel about conditions. Other people need and want to work, but are sidelined because their companies are sidelined.

Will teachers come to work, and under what conditions? I think they will if school boards decide to open up, with precautions, even though the states largest teachers union insists they wont be returning to the classroom unless their demands are met. The largest districts have opted to make another run at exclusively virtual instruction for the time being, although we learn now that some are allowing teachers to bring their children into school buildings, that are closed to everyone elses kids, for their supervised virtual learning. I suppose that solves their childcare issues. Parents want to support their teachers, but when they are being pressed to return to work themselves, with limited childcare options, and see their children used as leverage once again (the teacher walkout wont soon be forgotten) well, it may be one reason teachers get a bum rap as a group sometimes.

These broad generalizations really dont serve us well. Each school district is unique and will make its own decisions. We are investing millions of extra state and federal tax dollars to enable a return to the classroom, and to provide virtual learning capabilities and options. I salute the teachers who will do everything they can to face their fears and deliver in the classroom. The real challenge for the schools that bring their students into the buildings will be how they react when someone gets the virus, as they inevitably will. But if the issue becomes more about adult working conditions, and less about the students, parents will insist on other educational options for their children, demanding they take their tax dollars with them.

Most folks believe the best educational model is a physical classroom led by a competent teacher, with some exceptions for individual student needs. Now that health and safety concerns have forced a review of alternatives, and implementation of a patchwork of models-- in-class, or online coursework, or virtual classes, or some combination-- I think our COVID experience will have us all reconsidering how to best educate our children. Will parents, or teachers, or students learn they like a different educational model? Will results improve? Will we all be open to exploring the possibilities? Will those who criticize the virtual model continue to do so if they, themselves, turn to that model during these days? If public schools dont handle this right, I think the school choice movement will only grow. And I also think COVID wont be going away anytime soon, so there will be a lot of time to observe, study, and ponder these and other questions.

While parents and school officials wrestle with what to do, legislators are attentively observing. The state covers about 55% of education expense in Oklahoma, and we want to ensure the money is spent well, but we also have our own policy initiatives, and this kind of crisis can inform future legislation. After all, a short time ago the issue was teacher pay raises, funding levels, and standards, all with an eye towards improving academic performance.

With another pessimistic budget picture, there are legitimate questions. If school buildings arent open, or are on a reduced schedule, should funding be shifted to some other tax-supported agencies and programs clearly needing some help, especially since federal and state COVID funds were injected into education to compensate for related challenges? What about transportation savings if buses arent running? Will the next budget cycle see schools with large carryovers as a result such that state funding can actually be reduced without harm? Was the extra COVID funding sufficient, and used productively? Or were normal operating funds also required to cope with the extra COVID precautions? How do you sort all that out when some schools are wide open, and others are completely virtual? For those that shifted exclusively to virtual learning, how well did that work? What student/teacher ratio was really required?

I spoke with a superintendent recently about all of the above, and found his attitude about the educational models refreshing. In short, he is urging his staff to stop thinking of the traditional public school and the virtual programs in terms of us and them. Students and their parents will ultimately decide how to go to school. They are all our kids, so lets meet them where they are or want to be, in person or virtually, or both, and then be better than anyone else at teaching them in that space. Good advice, and from my perspective, a welcome competitive spirit leading that school district.

During the interim between sessions, you can call my office at 405-557-7380, or write to me at Representative Mark Lepak, 2300 N. Lincoln Blvd, Rm. 453B, State Capitol Building, Oklahoma City, OK, 73105.

State Rep. Mark Lepak (R-Claremore) is best reached via email at mark.lepak@okhouse.gov.

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OPINION: Back to school with COVID, risk and consequence - Claremore Daily Progress

OPINION: It could be argued that consultation was a meaningless exercise when the Government asked for submissions last year on its major water reforms.

Farmers perhaps naively believed they would be listened to, as they and their industry-good organisations put forward positive and well thought out scientifically-based proposals. There was no outright opposition from them to the concept that water quality needed to be improved.

But it was clear the government proposals were based on hard-line doctrinaire and prescriptive rules that bore no relationship to what is possible on farm. Even worse, they made no allowance for diverse climatic conditions in the country. Do policy wonks and government ministers seriously believe that farming systems are the same in the far north and the far south? If they do, they need to see their doctor and get some more appropriate drugs because such an attitude is delusional at best, and stupid in the extreme.

Why did government ignore the measured approach of say DairyNZ to put the onus on farmers to solve the winter grazing issues through environmental farm plans and set outcomes not the prescriptive drivel in the legislation? Interestingly, Ireland, which has similar issues to NZ in terms of water quality, has gone the outcomes way, working with farmers to clean up waterways, and it is working. Has David Parker and his coterie of evangelical environmentalists been to Ireland or talked to NZ scientists who are collaborating with the Irish on such matters?

One can forgive the primary sector for bitterly complaining that they are unwanted and perhaps even hated by the Government and certainly not trusted. The present row in Southland was easily avoidable if the diehard policy wonks and unbending government greens had one atom of common sense. This silly notion that farmers are serial polluters needs to be dispelled and gone by lunchtime. Farmers do way more for the environment and spend more to enhance it than the average townie, yet certain politicians and their advisors seem perpetually blind to the realities that happen 10km outside of Wellington.

A recent survey by DairyNZ showed that 62% of dairy farmers or their staff were affected by mental health issues in the past year and that one of the major stress factors was new regulations.

The situation in Southland is unnecessary and the government should be big enough to admit its wrong and do the right thing and accept the common-sense advice of farmers. After all, isnt it the putting right that counts.

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The putting right that counts Editorial - Rural News Group

By Radha Dhir The world today is a difficult, complicated place. The Covid-19 pandemic has consumed our lives. From newspapers and TV channels to social media, we are constantly surrounded by it. The virus has caused devastation, both in the economy and in life. All of our minds are disturbed, anxious and troubled.

It is important to take into account that all this negative thinking has an impact on our bodies as well. The cells in our bodies react to everything that our mind is saying. Negativity can bring down our immune systems. So, it is vital to take care of our body, mind, and well being now more than ever.

How do we ensure self-care in these times? Even in uncertain moments, there are things we can do to ensure that we continue to be mentally and physically fit.

Here are four pillars of self-care tips you need right now.

Exercise

Sleep Of the four pillars, the most undervalued and underrated, yet most important is sleep. I cant stress more on how critical sleep is. Lack of sleep leads to obesity. Sleep deprived individuals have a bigger appetite and tend to eat more. Your body needs a minimum of 6 8 hours of sleep a day. When you get quality sleep, you will wake up refreshed and energetic and will not only be eager to exercise, but also, the impact of that exercise will be more effective.

Sleeplessness also leads to increased stress levels. If you dont sleep enough at night, your body boosts its levels of stress hormones. The brain chemicals connected with deep sleep are the same ones that tell the body to stop the production of stress hormones. As a result, when you dont sleep well, your body keeps pumping out those hormones. The next day, you will feel more stressed, and the following night you find it harder to fall asleep, and so on.

A seasoned banker, Radha Dhir has spent 25 years in the industry, and has also served as the first woman MD in Deutsche Bank.

Food is the most-abused anxiety drug. Eat healthy without being obsessed with clean eating. And remember the Gut Microbiome. Numerous studies in the past decade have demonstrated links between gut health and the immune system and mental health. Nutrition, diet, and gut health are closely linked.

Avoiding processed foods, high-fat foods, and foods high in refined sugars is extremely important to maintain a healthy microbiome. There are a number of foods that you can eat to contribute beneficially to your overall health. Remember the G-BOMBS - Greens, Beans, Onions, Mushrooms and Seeds - the 6 most healthy foods to include in your daily diet.

Destress A very important element of coping with stress is talking about it. Talk to your family, your loved ones, and your friends. Reach out to your magic people your tribe. These are your connections, and the more positive your relationships are, the better you will be able to face lifes challenges. The support you get from your connections can add meaning and purpose to your life. One study showed that lack of social connection is a greater detriment to health than smoking, alcohol, high blood pressure, and lack of exercise. Most importantly, stay calm. Take deep breaths. Allow your mind to rest. Be in the moment. Instead of focusing on the events or circumstances that are making you feel sad, angry, anxious, or depressed, start focusing your mind on the positives and blessings in your life. The key to de-stressing is recognising how we respond to the downs that happen in our lives.

Remember, you have the power change the way you are feeling. Life is 10 per cent of what happens around you and 90 per cent of how you react to it.

Be in charge of how you feel. Choose positivity, optimism, hope, and happiness.

- A seasoned banker, Radha Dhir has spent 25 years in the industry, and has also served as the first woman MD in Deutsche Bank. She has been blogging about fitness, health, nutrition and well-being since 2018. She recently made her YouTube debut on the ZipTalks channel where she interviews successful professionals on their fitness and health philosophy. She also posts regular fitness videos on Instagram @Ziptofitness.

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Making healthy lifestyle changes in terms of diet, exercise and managing stress, in addition to other factors, can go a long way in helping the immune system get the boost it requires.

On International Immunology Day, Chennai-based clinical nutritionist, lactation consultant and diabetes educator - Ramya Ramachandran - shares five tips that can give your life a healthy spin.

Ginger, garlic, star anise, omega-3 fats, flax seeds are some foods that have antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. These can be included in your meals daily. Its also important to focus on micronutrients which have a major impact on health.

To add the required amount of micronutrients to any diet, one can look at home fortification as an alternative. In this method, a commercially available product is conveniently utilised on a daily basis to prevent nutrition deficiencies. Power mixes of rice and flour avaiable in the market is one such example of food fortification, which increases the micronutrient value of home-cooked meals.

A minimum of 7-8 hours of regular sleep is a must to maintain a healthy circadian rhythm, and help the bodys T-Cells (also known as immune cells) to kill the pathogens. A night of good sleep also helps in burning calories.

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Self-care is more important now than ever. Build your pandemic routine around these four pillars - Economic Times

Daniela Nardini has 20 women in her house, each of them more vibrant and full of life than the next.

Full of attitude and of resilient character, they have a commanding presence. A bit like Daniela herself for, despite the actress going through a tough few years, she has come out the other side emboldened and stronger.

Now, her new friends could be about to set her on a different path as a painter. Because the 20 women surrounding Daniela in the Glasgow home she shares with her teenage daughter arent breaking coronavirus restrictions, they are creations by Danielas own hand, an inspired and artistic flow of emotion that has served the former This Life star well in lockdown. So impressive are the paintings, a gallery owner has taken eight of them.

Ive always painted a bit, but with lockdown I thought I would commit to it, said Daniela, who played Anna Forbes in the memorable 90s drama series. It became something I did every day.

I have them lined up at the moment and I asked myself last night, why am I painting all of these women? And I think its come out of having breast cancer and from the way you look at yourself after a mastectomy. Painting these colourful, vibrant, strong women which is not the way Ive been seeing myself, Ive been feeling a bit beaten, beaten up was maybe my imagination wanting me to paint these images.

I was talking to someone who is also in recovery from cancer and we discussed how the mental aspect of it takes time, dealing with people asking about it and an onslaught of commiserations.

I was thinking about that and looking at these images, this riot of colour, and I thought, my goodness, that was all me.

Having turned 50 two years ago Daniela was called in for a mammogram. A couple of months passed without hearing the results, so when the call did come, she almost didnt bother going in for the follow-up.

I thought if there had been something, I would have been called in earlier. I was busy, and didnt think it would be anything, but I went in just to check.

It was then they told me it didnt look very good. It had already gone into one lymph node and if I hadnt gone back in when I did then you dont know how much it might have spread through the lymphatic system. So I urge women to get these checks, as it can be quite rapid, or at least thats what they told me.

It was a huge shock to be told I had breast cancer, and it was another shock to learn I needed to have a mastectomy. All these decisions that have to be made come at you, like whether or not to have reconstruction at the same time as the surgery.

I was in shock. After all of it is done, you can get over the physical side, but mentally, well, you are just a bit off. Now I look at it and think I was very lucky. After the treatment Ive had nothing no other symptoms and Im in the clear.

Daniela would have no disagreement with the old saying that bad luck comes in threes, because the breast cancer diagnosis was the third trauma she suffered in as many years.

First was the death of her father, Aldo, one of the ice cream impresarios of Largs that made the Ayrshire seaside town a must-visit attraction for decades. Then she and her husband, Ivan, a chef with whom she has 13-year-old Claudia, divorced.

The trauma and turmoil led Daniela to seek a professional ear.

I did talk to someone, because so much happened at one time and I was finding it difficult to process it all my dad dying, my marriage ending and, as I was shuffling my way through that, being diagnosed with breast cancer. It was another blow. I decided I should talk to someone and isolate them a bit, because they were all so lumped together.

Now Daniela is embarking on her own journey into counselling. She says its always been something that interested her, so she completed an HNC during lockdown and is now studying for a diploma.

The essay writing her first since she was 17 has come as a shock to the system, but a university lecturer friend has been offering advice.

Over the last five years or so, a lot of stuff has been hard and difficult. Coming through the other side of it, I think, well, what could I do to use that in a positive way? I want to be of service or help people in some way, Daniela continued.

My daughter said to me last week, Mum, you cant have three jobs you cant be a painter, an actress and a counsellor. You need to give one up. I suppose its quite ambitious and maybe she is right, but Id like to find a way of doing all three. Acting is such a sporadic job, so maybe I can do them all.

Her first love might be more sporadic these days, but Daniela says she will never walk away from acting.

Itll definitely be something I always want to do, but Im not as ambitious as I once was, she admitted. I suppose I want to do material that really interests me, rather than just taking on anything.

I had a job offer the other week but decided I didnt want to do it because it wasnt quite right. Ive been lucky, Ive had a lot of choice in my career, but I feel theres other areas I want to look into in my life now acting will always be a part of what I do in some way, though.

It was with a gasp that Daniela realised her first TV job, as a nurse in Take The High Road, was in 1990 Is that 30 years ago? Oh my God, Im ancient! and in the years since she has had a wealth of interesting roles both on screen and stage.

There was her role as ruthless estate agent Meredith McIlvanney in BBC4s New Town, the mini-series Gunpowder, Treason & Plot, drama Waterloo Road, David McVicars production of Camille in London and Daniela recently made a short film, Duck Daze, which is on BBCs iPlayer.

But she will always be remembered for her performance as law graduate Anna Forbes, a character said to have influenced Phoebe Waller-Bridges Fleabag, in This Life, which came at the peak of mid-90s Cool Britannia.

The first series was shown again on BBC4 this year, in tribute to its producer Tony Garnett, who died in January, introducing the series to a new generation. A lot of people were asking for the rest of the series to be shown and I was saying the same thing, because I was thinking of the repeat fees, Daniela laughed. Ive had so many favourite roles, although the obvious one is This Life. It was great fun and we were all so young and enjoying ourselves when we made it, plus it was a really interesting part.

But theres been so many interesting roles, so I cant pick just one. Ive been really lucky with the choices Ive had in my career.

And with painting and counselling new additions to her CV, Danielas future is looking brighter than ever.

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INTERVIEW: Actress Daniela Nardini on turning to art therapy after she suffered cancer, family loss and divorce - The Sunday Post

Being mentally strong is not as easy as you might think, but it takes a lot of time.

Only with daily practice, you can build mental strength and create a strong and realistic hope.

Mentally strong people do not do things that make them feel like they are wasting time or undermining their power in front of other people.

So here are some of the habits that people with mentally strong personalities adopt.

The balance between emotion and logic

Mentally strong people understand that their emotions can affect their thinking. But in order to make the best decisions, they try their best to maintain a balance between logic and emotion.

Adopt a constructive attitude

From justification or excuses to complaints to other people, everyone has, but there are mentally strong people who do not like to waste their time in non-constructive activities.

Ability to adapt to change

Mentally strong people know that change in circumstances is not satisfactory but they focus their attention and energy on adopting rather than resisting it.

Facing fear

Although mentally strong people do not have to overcome fear because they do not have to prove anything to others, they are not afraid to face the fear that comes their way.

Learning from mistakes

Such people do not hide or justify their mistakes, but they learn from them so that they do not happen again.

Rejoicing in the success of others

Mentally strong people believe in cooperation rather than competition with those around them. They dont feel jealous or negative about other peoples achievements, but they appreciate it wholeheartedly.

Focus on improving your skills

Such people are not anxious to show off their abilities, but they try to improve themselves as much as possible.

Understanding lifes difficulties as opportunities

Often lifes difficulties make some people bitter and frustrated, but mentally strong individuals actually see opportunities as opportunities to move forward that can further enhance their personality.

Happy in all circumstances

Mentally strong people are happy in their situation whether they succeed or fail.

Tolerance

Such people look at their goals from the perspective of a marathon rather than a short race, and they are willing to take the trouble to do so for a while in order to succeed on a long-term basis.

Recovering from failures

Mentally strong people do not see failure as the end of the journey, but they take their failed efforts as an opportunity to gain knowledge, which increases their chances of success in the future.

Realistic thinking

Such people see a ray of light even in the dark and think of the bright aspects, but they do not allow their optimism to deviate from the realities of life.

Accept responsibility for your decisions

Mentally strong people do not need to be self-centred or self-deprecating but take full responsibility for their actions.

Expression of gratitude

Instead of asking for more all the time, such people admit that they have more than they need and for that, they are grateful to the Almighty.

Trying to solve problems

Mentally strong people try their best to find a solution instead of drowning in a wave of problems.

Mending weaknesses

Most people try hard to hide their flaws and weaknesses, but a mentally strong person spends his energy on removing them instead of wasting them on hiding them.

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Adopt these Habits to build Mental Strength - BOL News

Doing calculations with a quantum computer is a race against time, thanks to the fragility of the quantum states at their heart. And new research suggests we may soon hit a wall in how long we can hold them together thanks to interference from natural background radiation.

While quantum computing could one day enable us to carry out calculations beyond even the most powerful supercomputer imaginable, were still a long way from that point. And a big reason for that is a phenomenon known as decoherence.

The superpowers of quantum computers rely on holding the qubitsquantum bitsthat make them up in exotic quantum states like superposition and entanglement. Decoherence is the process by which interference from the environment causes them to gradually lose their quantum behavior and any information that was encoded in them.

It can be caused by heat, vibrations, magnetic fluctuations, or any host of environmental factors that are hard to control. Currently we can keep superconducting qubits (the technology favored by the fields leaders like Google and IBM) stable for up to 200 microseconds in the best devices, which is still far too short to do any truly meaningful computations.

But new research from scientists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), published last week in Nature, suggests we may struggle to get much further. They found that background radiation from cosmic rays and more prosaic sources like trace elements in concrete walls is enough to put a hard four-millisecond limit on the coherence time of superconducting qubits.

These decoherence mechanisms are like an onion, and weve been peeling back the layers for the past 20 years, but theres another layer that left unabated is going to limit us in a couple years, which is environmental radiation, William Oliver from MIT said in a press release. This is an exciting result, because it motivates us to think of other ways to design qubits to get around this problem.

Superconducting qubits rely on pairs of electrons flowing through a resistance-free circuit. But radiation can knock these pairs out of alignment, causing them to split apart, which is what eventually results in the qubit decohering.

To determine how significant of an impact background levels of radiation could have on qubits, the researchers first tried to work out the relationship between coherence times and radiation levels. They exposed qubits to irradiated copper whose emissions dropped over time in a predictable way, which showed them that coherence times rose as radiation levels fell up to a maximum of four milliseconds, after which background effects kicked in.

To check if this coherence time was really caused by the natural radiation, they built a giant shield out of lead brick that could block background radiation to see what happened when the qubits were isolated. The experiments clearly showed that blocking the background emissions could boost coherence times further.

At the minute, a host of other problems like material impurities and electronic disturbances cause qubits to decohere before these effects kick in, but given the rate at which the technology has been improving, we may hit this new wall in just a few years.

Without mitigation, radiation will limit the coherence time of superconducting qubits to a few milliseconds, which is insufficient for practical quantum computing, Brent VanDevender from PNNL said in a press release.

Potential solutions to the problem include building radiation shielding around quantum computers or locating them underground, where cosmic rays arent able to penetrate so easily. But if you need a few tons of lead or a large cavern in order to install a quantum computer, thats going to make it considerably harder to roll them out widely.

Its important to remember, though, that this problem has only been observed in superconducting qubits so far. In July, researchers showed they could get a spin-orbit qubit implemented in silicon to last for about 10 milliseconds, while trapped ion qubits can stay stable for as long as 10 minutes. And MITs Oliver says theres still plenty of room for building more robust superconducting qubits.

We can think about designing qubits in a way that makes them rad-hard, he said. So its definitely not game-over, its just the next layer of the onion we need to address.

Image Credit: Shutterstock

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Could Quantum Computing Progress Be Halted by Background Radiation? - Singularity Hub

One of the goals of theSuperconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Centeris to build a beyond-state-of-the-art quantum computer based on superconducting technologies.The center also will develop new quantum sensors, which could lead to the discovery of the nature of dark matter and other elusive subatomic particles.

The U.S. Department of Energys Fermilab has been selected to lead one of five national centers to bring about transformational advances in quantum information science as a part of the U.S. National Quantum Initiative, announced the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy today.

The initiative provides the newSuperconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Centerfunding with the goal of building and deploying a beyond-state-of-the-art quantum computer based on superconducting technologies. The center also will develop new quantum sensors, which could lead to the discovery of the nature of dark matter and other elusive subatomic particles. Total planned DOE funding for the center is $115 million over five years, with $15 million in fiscal year 2020 dollars and outyear funding contingent on congressional appropriations. SQMS will also receive an additional $8 million in matching contributions from center partners.

The SQMS Center is part of a $625 million federal program to facilitate and foster quantum innovation in the United States. The 2018 National Quantum Initiative Act called for a long-term, large-scale commitment of U.S. scientific and technological resources to quantum science.

The revolutionary leaps in quantum computing and sensing that SQMS aims for will be enabled by a unique multidisciplinary collaboration that includes 20 partners national laboratories, academic institutions and industry. The collaboration brings together world-leading expertise in all key aspects: from identifying qubits quality limitations at the nanometer scale to fabrication and scale-up capabilities into multiqubit quantum computers to the exploration of new applications enabled by quantum computers and sensors.

The breadth of the SQMS physics, materials science, device fabrication and characterization technology combined with the expertise in large-scale integration capabilities by the SQMS Center is unprecedented for superconducting quantum science and technology, said SQMS Deputy Director James Sauls of Northwestern University. As part of the network of National QIS Research centers, SQMS will contribute to U.S. leadership in quantum science for the years to come.

SQMS researchers are developing long-coherence-time qubits based on Rigetti Computings state-of-the-art quantum processors. Image: Rigetti Computing

At the heart of SQMS research will be solving one of the most pressing problems in quantum information science: the length of time that a qubit, the basic element of a quantum computer, can maintain information, also called quantum coherence. Understanding and mitigating sources of decoherence that limit performance of quantum devices is critical to engineering in next-generation quantum computers and sensors.

Unless we address and overcome the issue of quantum system decoherence, we will not be able to build quantum computers that solve new complex and important problems. The same applies to quantum sensors with the range of sensitivity needed to address long-standing questions in many fields of science, said SQMS Center Director Anna Grassellino of Fermilab. Overcoming this crucial limitation would allow us to have a great impact in the life sciences, biology, medicine, and national security, and enable measurements of incomparable precision and sensitivity in basic science.

The SQMS Centers ambitious goals in computing and sensing are driven by Fermilabs achievement of world-leading coherence times in components called superconducting cavities, which were developed for particle accelerators used in Fermilabs particle physics experiments. Researchers have expanded the use of Fermilab cavities into the quantum regime.

We have the most coherent by a factor of more than 200 3-D superconducting cavities in the world, which will be turned into quantum processors with unprecedented performance by combining them with Rigettis state-of-the-art planar structures, said Fermilab scientist Alexander Romanenko, SQMS technology thrust leader and Fermilab SRF program manager. This long coherence would not only enable qubits to be long-lived, but it would also allow them to be all connected to each other, opening qualitatively new opportunities for applications.

The SQMS Centers goals in computing and sensing are driven by Fermilabs achievement of world-leading coherence times in components called superconducting cavities, which were developed for particle accelerators used in Fermilabs particle physics experiments. Photo: Reidar Hahn, Fermilab

To advance the coherence even further, SQMS collaborators will launch a materials-science investigation of unprecedented scale to gain insights into the fundamental limiting mechanisms of cavities and qubits, working to understand the quantum properties of superconductors and other materials used at the nanoscale and in the microwave regime.

Now is the time to harness the strengths of the DOE laboratories and partners to identify the underlying mechanisms limiting quantum devices in order to push their performance to the next level for quantum computing and sensing applications, said SQMS Chief Engineer Matt Kramer, Ames Laboratory.

Northwestern University, Ames Laboratory, Fermilab, Rigetti Computing, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics and several universities are partnering to contribute world-class materials science and superconductivity expertise to target sources of decoherence.

SQMS partner Rigetti Computing will provide crucial state-of-the-art qubit fabrication and full stack quantum computing capabilities required for building the SQMS quantum computer.

By partnering with world-class experts, our work will translate ground-breaking science into scalable superconducting quantum computing systems and commercialize capabilities that will further the energy, economic and national security interests of the United States, said Rigetti Computing CEO Chad Rigetti.

SQMS will also partner with the NASA Ames Research Center quantum group, led by SQMS Chief Scientist Eleanor Rieffel. Their strengths in quantum algorithms, programming and simulation will be crucial to use the quantum processors developed by the SQMS Center.

The Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics has been successfully collaborating with Fermilab for more than 40 years and is excited to be a member of the extraordinary SQMS team, said INFN President Antonio Zoccoli. With its strong know-how in detector development, cryogenics and environmental measurements, including the Gran Sasso national laboratories, the largest underground laboratory in the world devoted to fundamental physics, INFN looks forward to exciting joint progress in fundamental physics and in quantum science and technology.

Fermilab is excited to host this National Quantum Information Science Research Center and work with this extraordinary network of collaborators, said Fermilab Director Nigel Lockyer. This initiative aligns with Fermilab and its mission. It will help us answer important particle physics questions, and, at the same time, we will contribute to advancements in quantum information science with our strengths in particle accelerator technologies, such as superconducting radio-frequency devices and cryogenics.

We are thankful and honored to have this unique opportunity to be a national center for advancing quantum science and technology, Grassellino said. We have a focused mission: build something revolutionary. This center brings together the right expertise and motivation to accomplish that mission.

The Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center at Fermilab is supported by the DOE Office of Science.

Fermilab is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit science.energy.gov.

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Fermilab to lead $115 million National Quantum Information Science Research Center to build revolutionary quantum computer with Rigetti Computing,...

NASHUA, N.H. -Until the 21st Century, artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computers were largely the stuff of science fiction, although quantum theory and quantum mechanics had been around for about a century. A century of great controversy, largely because Albert Einstein rejected quantum theory as originally formulated, leading to his famous statement, God does not play dice with the universe.

Today, however, the debate over quantum computing is largely about when not if these kinds of devices will come into full operation. Meanwhile, other forms of quantum technology, such as sensors, already are finding their way into military and civilian applications.

Quantum technology will be as transformational in the 21st Century as harnessing electricity was in the 19th, Michael J. Biercuk, founder and CEO of Q-CTRL Pty Ltd in Sydney, Australia, and professor of Quantum Physics & Quantum Technologies at the University of Sydney, told the U.S. Office of Naval Research in a January 2019 presentation.

On that, there is virtually universal agreement. But when and how remains undetermined.

For example, asked how and when quantum computing eventually may be applied to high-performance embedded computing (HPEC), Tatjana Curcic, program manager for Optimization with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices (ONISQ) of the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in Arlington, Va., says its an open question.

Until just recently, quantum computing stood on its own, but as of a few years ago people are looking more and more into hybrid approaches, Curcic says. Im not aware of much work on actually getting quantum computing into HPEC architecture, however. Its definitely not mainstream, probably because its too early.

As to how quantum computing eventually may influence the development, scale, and use of AI, she adds:

Thats another open question. Quantum machine learning is a very active research area, but is quite new. A lot of people are working on that, but its not clear at this time what the results will be. The interface between classical data, which AI is primarily involved with, and quantum computing is still a technical challenge.

Quantum information processing

According to DARPAs ONISQ webpage, the program aims to exploit quantum information processing before fully fault-tolerant quantum computers are realized.This quantum computer based on superconducting qubits is inserted into a dilution refrigerator and cooled to a temperature less than 1 Kelvin. It was built at IBM Research in Zurich.

This effort will pursue a hybrid concept that combines intermediate-sized quantum devices with classical systems to solve a particularly challenging set of problems known as combinatorial optimization. ONISQ seeks to demonstrate the quantitative advantage of quantum information processing by leapfrogging the performance of classical-only systems in solving optimization challenges, the agency states. ONISQ researchers will be tasked with developing quantum systems that are scalable to hundreds or thousands of qubits with longer coherence times and improved noise control.

Researchers will also be required to efficiently implement a quantum optimization algorithm on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, optimizing allocation of quantum and classical resources. Benchmarking will also be part of the program, with researchers making a quantitative comparison of classical and quantum approaches. In addition, the program will identify classes of problems in combinatorial optimization where quantum information processing is likely to have the biggest impact. It will also seek to develop methods for extending quantum advantage on limited size processors to large combinatorial optimization problems via techniques such as problem decomposition.

The U.S. government has been the leader in quantum computing research since the founding of the field, but that too is beginning to change.

In the mid-90s, NSA [the U.S. National Security Agency at Fort Meade, Md.] decided to begin on an open academic effort to see if such a thing could be developed. All that research has been conducted by universities for the most part, with a few outliers, such as IBM, says Q-CTRLs Biercuk. In the past five years, there has been a shift toward industry-led development, often in cooperation with academic efforts. Microsoft has partnered with universities all over the world and Google bought a university program. Today many of the biggest hardware developments are coming from the commercial sector.

Quantum computing remains in deep space research, but there are hardware demonstrations all over the world. In the next five years, we expect the performance of these machines to be agented to the point where we believe they will demonstrate a quantum advantage for the first time. For now, however, quantum computing has no advantages over standard computing technology. quantum computers are research demonstrators and do not solve any computing problems at all. Right now, there is no reason to use quantum computers except to be ready when they are truly available.

AI and quantum computing

Nonetheless, the race to develop and deploy AI and quantum computing is global, with the worlds leading military powers seeing them along with other breakthrough technologies like hypersonics making the first to successfully deploy as dominant as the U.S. was following the first detonations of atomic bombs. That is especially true for autonomous mobile platforms, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), interfacing with those vehicles onboard HPEC.

Of the two, AI is the closest to deployment, but also the most controversial. A growing number of the worlds leading scientists, including the late Stephen Hawking, warn real-world AI could easily duplicate the actions of the fictional Skynet in the Terminator movie series. Launched with total control over the U.S. nuclear arsenal, Skynet became sentient and decided the human race was a dangerous infestation that needed to be destroyed.

The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. Once humans develop artificial intelligence, it will take off on its own and redesign itself at an ever-increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldnt compete and would be superseded. Stephen Hawking (2014)

Such dangers have been recognized at least as far back as the publication of Isaac Asimovs short story, Runabout, in 1942, which included his Three Laws of Robotics, designed to control otherwise autonomous robots. In the story, the laws were set down in 2058:

First Law A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

Second Law A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

Third Law A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Whether it would be possible to embed and ensure unbreakable compliance with such laws in an AI system is unknown. But limited degrees of AI, known as machine learning, already are in widespread use by the military and advanced stages of the technology, such as deep learning, almost certainly will be deployed by one or more nations as they become available. More than 50 nations already are actively researching battlefield robots.

Military quantum computing

AI-HPEC would give UAVs, next-generation cruise missiles, and even maneuverable ballistic missiles the ability to alter course to new targets at any point after launch, recognize counter measures, avoid, and misdirect or even destroy them.

Quantum computing, on the other hand, is seen by some as providing little, if any, advantage over traditional computer technologies, by many as requiring cooling and size, weight and power (SWaP) improvements not possible with current technologies to make it applicable to mobile platforms and by most as being little more than a research tool for perhaps decades to come.

Perhaps the biggest stumbling block to a mobile platform-based quantum computing is cooling it currently requires a cooling unit, at near absolute zero, the Military trusted computing experts are considering new generations of quantum computing for creating nearly unbreakable encryption for super-secure defense applications.size of a refrigerator to handle a fractional piece of quantum computing.

A lot of work has been done and things are being touted as operational, but the most important thing to understand is this isnt some simple physical thing you throw in suddenly and it works. That makes it harder to call it deployable youre not going to strap a quantum computing to a handheld device. A lot of solutions are still trying to deal with cryogenics and how do you deal with deployment of cryo, says Tammy Carter, senior product manager for GPGPUs and software products at Curtiss-Wright Defense Solutions in Ashburn, Va.

AI is now a technology in deployment. Machine learning is pretty much in use worldwide, Carter says. Were in a migration of figuring out how to use it with the systems we have. quantum computing will require a lot of engineering work and demand may not be great enough to push the effort. From a cryogenically cooled electronics perspective, I dont think there is any insurmountable problem. It absolutely can be done, its just a matter of decision making to do it, prioritization to get it done. These are not easily deployed technologies, but certainly can be deployed.

Given its current and expected near-term limitations, research has increased on the development of hybrid systems.

The longer term reality is a hybrid approach, with the quantum system not going mobile any time soon, says Brian Kirby, physicist in the Army Research Laboratory Computational & Informational Sciences Directorate in Adelphi, Md. Its a mistake to forecast a timeline, but Im not sure putting a quantum computing on such systems would be valuable. Having the quantum computing in a fixed location and linked to the mobile platform makes more sense, for now at least. There can be multiple quantum computers throughout the country; while individually they may have trouble solving some problems, networking them would be more secure and able to solve larger problems.

Broadly, however, quantum computing cant do anything a practical home computer cant do, but can potentially solve certain problems more efficiently, Kirby continues. So youre looking at potential speed-up, but there is no problem a quantum computing can solve a normal computer cant. Beyond the basics of code-breaking and quantum simulations affecting material design, right now we cant necessarily predict military applications.

Raising concerns

In some ways similar to AI, quantum computing raises nearly as many concerns as it does expectations, especially in the area of security. The latest Thales Data Threat Report says 72 percent of surveyed security experts worldwide believe quantum computing will have a negative impact on data security within the next five years.

At the same time, quantum computing is forecast to offer more robust cryptography and security solutions. For HPEC, that duality is significant: quantum computing can make it more difficult to break the security of mobile platforms, while simultaneously making it easier to do just that.

Quantum computers that can run Shors algorithm [leveraging quantum properties to factor very large numbers efficiently] are expected to become available in the next decade. These algorithms can be used to break conventional digital signature schemes (e.g. RSA or ECDSA), which are widely used in embedded systems today. This puts these systems at risk when they are used in safety-relevant long-term applications, such as automotive systems or critical infrastructures. To mitigate this risk, classical digital signature schemes used must be replaced by schemes secure against quantum computing-based attacks, according to the August 2019 proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability & Securitys Post-Quantum Cryptography in Embedded Systems report.

The security question is not quite so clean-cut as armor/anti-armor, but there is a developing bifurcation between defensive and offensive applications. On the defense side, deployed quantum systems are looked at to provide encoded communications. Experts say it seems likely the level of activity in China about quantum communications, which has been a major focus for years, runs up against the development of quantum computing in the U.S. The two aspects are not clearly one-against-one, but the two moving independently.

Googles quantum supremacy demonstration has led to a rush on finding algorithms robust against quantum attack. On the quantum communications side, the development of attacks on such systems has been underway for years, leading to a whole field of research based on identifying and exploiting quantum attacks.

Quantum computing could also help develop revolutionary AI systems. Recent efforts have demonstrated a strong and unexpected link between quantum computation and artificial neural networks, potentially portending new approaches to machine learning. Such advances could lead to vastly improved pattern recognition, which in turn would permit far better machine-based target identification. For example, the hidden submarine in our vast oceans may become less-hidden in a world with AI-empowered quantum computers, particularly if they are combined with vast data sets acquired through powerful quantum-enabled sensors, according to Q-CTRLs Biercuk.

Even the relatively mundane near-term development of new quantum-enhanced clocks may impact security, beyond just making GPS devices more accurate, Biercuk continues. Quantum-enabled clocks are so sensitive that they can discern minor gravitational anomalies from a distance. They thus could be deployed by military personnel to detect underground, hardened structures, submarines or hidden weapons systems. Given their potential for remote sensing, advanced clocks may become a key embedded technology for tomorrows warfighter.

Warfighter capabilities

The early applications of quantum computing, while not embedded on mobile platforms, are expected to enhance warfighter capabilities significantly.

Jim Clark, director of quantum hardware at Intel Corp. in Santa Clara, Calif., shows one of the companys quantum processors.There is a high likelihood quantum computing will impact ISR [intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance], solving logistics problems more quickly. But so much of this is in the basic research stage. While we know the types of problems and general application space, optimization problems will be some of the first where we will see advantages from quantum computing, says Sara Gamble, quantum information sciences program manager at ARL.

Biercuk says he agrees: Were not really sure there is a role for quantum computing in embedded computing just yet. quantum computing is right now very large systems embedded in mainframes, with access by the cloud. You can envision embedded computing accessing quantum computing via the cloud, but they are not likely to be very small, agile processors you would embed in a SWAP-constrained environment.

But there are many aspects of quantum technology beyond quantum computing; the combination of quantum sensors could allow much better detection in the field, Biercuk continues. The biggest potential impact comes in the areas of GPS denial, which has become one of the biggest risk factors identified in every blueprint around the world. quantum computing plays directly into this to perform dead reckoning navigation in GPS denial areas.

DARPAs Curcic also says the full power of quantum computing is still decades away, but believes ONISQ has the potential to help speed its development.

The main two approaches industry is using is superconducting quantum computing and trapped ions. We use both of those, plus cold atoms [Rydberg atoms]. We are very excited about ONISQ and seeing if we can get anything useful over classical computing. Four teams are doing hardware development with those three approaches, she says.

Because these are noisy systems, its very difficult to determine if there will be any advantages. The hope is we can address the optimization problem faster than today, which is what were working on with ONISQ. Optimization problems are everywhere, so even a small improvement would be valuable.

Beyond todays capabilities

As to how quantum computing and AI may impact future warfare, especially through HPEC, she adds: I have no doubt quantum computing will be revolutionary and well be able to do things beyond todays capabilities. The possibilities are pretty much endless, but what they are is not crystal clear at this point. Its very difficult, with great certainly, to predict what quantum computing will be able to do. Well just have to build and try. Thats why today is such an exciting time.

Curtiss Wrights Carter says he believes quantum computing and AI will be closely linked with HPEC in the future, once current limitations with both are resolved.

AI itself is based on a lot of math being done in parallel for probability answers, similar to modeling the neurons in the brain highly interconnected nodes and interdependent math calculations. Imagine a small device trying to recognize handwriting, Carter says. You run every pixel of that through lots and lots of math, combining and mixing, cutting some, amplifying others, until you get a 98 percent answer at the other end. quantum computing could help with that and researchers are looking at how you would do that, using a different level of parallel math.

How quantum computing will be applied to HPEC will be the big trick, how to get that deployed. Imagine were a SIGINT [signals intelligence] platform land, air or sea there are a lot of challenges, such as picking the right signal out of the air, which is not particularly easy, Carter continues. Once you achieve pattern recognition, you want to do code breaking to get that encrypted traffic immediately. Getting that on a deployed platform could be useful; otherwise you bring your data back to a quantum computing in a building, but that means you dont get the results immediately.

The technology research underway today is expected to show progress toward making quantum computing more applicable to military needs, but it is unlikely to produce major results quickly, especially in the area of HPEC.

Trapped ions and superconducting circuits still require a lot of infrastructure to make them work. Some teams are working on that problem, but the systems still remain room-sized. The idea of quantum computing being like an integrated circuit you just put on a circuit board were a very long way from that, Biercuk says. The systems are getting smaller, more compact, but there is a very long way to go to deployable, embeddable systems. Position, navigation and timing systems are being reduced and can be easily deployed on aircraft. Thats probably where the technology will remain in the next 20 years; but, eventually, with new technology development, quantum computing may be reduced to more mobile sizes.

The next 10 years are about achieving quantum advantage with the systems available now or iterations. Despite the acceleration we have seen, there are things that are just hard and require a lot of creativity, Biercuk continues. Were shrinking the hardware, but that hardware still may not be relevant to any deployable system. In 20 years, we may have machines that can do the work required, but in that time we may only be able to shrink them to a size that can fit on an aircraft carrier local code-breaking engines. To miniaturize this technology to put it on, say, a body-carried system, we just dont have any technology basis to claim we will get there even in 20 years. Thats open to creativity and discovery.

Even with all of the research underway worldwide, one question remains dominant.

The general challenge is it is not clear what we will use quantum computing for, notes Rad Balu, a computer scientist in ARLs Computational & Informational Sciences Directorate.

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The future of artificial intelligence and quantum computing - Military & Aerospace Electronics

Maintaining qubits stable will be the pivot to realizing the potential of quantum computing, and now researchers have managed to discover a new obstacle to this stability: natural radiation.

Natural or background radiation is produced by various sources, both natural and artificial. Cosmic rays produce natural radiation, for instance, and so do concrete buildings. It is surrounding us all the time, and so this poses something of an issue for future quantum computers.

After numerous experiments that modified the level of natural radiation around qubits, physicists could establish that this background noise does indeed push qubits off balance in a way that hinders them from operating properly.

Our study is the first to show clearly that low-level ionizing radiation in the environment degrades the performance of superconducting qubits,says physicist John Orrell, from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). These findings suggest that radiation shielding will be necessary to attain long-sought performance in quantum computers of this design.

Natural radiation is under no circumstance the most important or the only menace to qubit stability, which is basically known as coherence; everything from temperature variations to electromagnetic fields is able to mess with the qubit.

However, scientists say if were to attain a future where quantum computers are performing most of our advanced computing needs, then this hindrance from natural radiation is going to have to be addressed.

After the team that carried out the study was faced with issues regarding superconducting qubit decoherence, it decided to examine the possible problem with natural radiation. They discovered it breaks up a main quantum binding known as theCooper pairof electrons.

The radiation breaks apart matched pairs of electrons that typically carry electric current without resistance in a superconductor,says physicist Brent VanDevender, from PNNL. The resistance of those unpaired electrons destroys the delicately prepared state of a qubit.

Regular computers can be distorted by the same issues that impact qubits, but quantum states are a lot more delicate and sensitive. One of the reasons that we dont have authentic full-scale quantum computers at the moment is that theres no way yet to keep qubits stable for more than a few milliseconds at a time.

If we can develop on that, the benefits when it comes to computing power could be gigantic: while classical computer bits can only be set as 1 or 0, qubits can be set as 1,0, or both at the same time, a state known assuperposition.

Researchers have managed to get it happening, but only for a very short period, and in an extremely controlled setting. The good news, however, is that scientists like those at PNNL are dedicated to the challenge of discovering how to make quantum computers a reality, and with the new finding, we know a bit more about what weve to overcome.

Practical quantum computing with these devices will not be possible unless we address the radiation issue,says VanDevender. Without mitigation, radiation will limit the coherence time of superconducting qubits to a few milliseconds, which is insufficient for practical quantum computing.

A paper detailing the research has been published in the journalNature.

Known for her passion for writing, Paula contributes to both Science and Health niches here at Dual Dove.

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Researchers Found Another Impediment for Quantum Computers to Overcome - Dual Dove

Overview:

Quantum cryptographyis a new method for secret communications that provides the assurance of security of digital data. Quantum cryptography is primarily based on the usage of individual particles/waves of light (photon) and their essential quantum properties for the development of an unbreakable cryptosystem, primarily because it is impossible to measure the quantum state of any system without disturbing that system.

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It is hypothetically possible that other particles could be used, but photons offer all the necessary qualities needed, the their behavior is comparatively understandable, and they are the information carriers in optical fiber cables, the most promising medium for very high-bandwidth communications.

Quantum computing majorly focuses on the growing computer technology that is built on the platform of quantum theory which provides the description about the nature and behavior of energy and matter at quantum level. The fame of quantum mechanics in cryptography is growing because they are being used extensively in the encryption of information. Quantum cryptography allows the transmission of the most critical data at the most secured level, which in turn, propels the growth of the quantum computing market. Quantum computing has got a huge array of applications.

Market Analysis:

According to Infoholic Research, the Global Quantum cryptography Market is expected to reach $1.53 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of around 26.13% during the forecast period. The market is experiencing growth due to the increase in the data security and privacy concerns. In addition, with the growth in the adoption of cloud storage and computing technologies is driving the market forward. However, low customer awareness about quantum cryptography is hindering the market growth. The rising demands for security solutions across different verticals is expected to create lucrative opportunities for the market.

Market Segmentation Analysis:

The report provides a wide-ranging evaluation of the market. It provides in-depth qualitative insights, historical data, and supportable projections and assumptions about the market size. The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions based on the vendors portfolio, blogs, whitepapers, and vendor presentations. Thus, the research report serves every side of the market and is segmented based on regional markets, type, applications, and end-users.

Countries and Vertical Analysis:

The report contains an in-depth analysis of the vendor profiles, which include financial health, business units, key business priorities, SWOT, strategy, and views; and competitive landscape. The prominent vendors covered in the report include ID Quantique, MagiQ Technologies, Nucrypt, Infineon Technologies, Qutools, QuintenssenceLabs, Crypta Labs, PQ Solutions, and Qubitekk and others. The vendors have been identified based on the portfolio, geographical presence, marketing & distribution channels, revenue generation, and significant investments in R&D.

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Competitive Analysis

The report covers and analyzes the global intelligent apps market. Various strategies, such as joint ventures, partnerships,collaborations, and contracts, have been considered. In addition, as customers are in search of better solutions, there is expected to be a rising number of strategic partnerships for better product development. There is likely to be an increase in the number of mergers, acquisitions, and strategic partnerships during the forecast period.

Companies such as Nucrypt, Crypta Labs, Qutools, and Magiq Technologies are the key players in the global Quantum Cryptography market. Nucrypt has developed technologies for emerging applications in metrology and communication. The company has also produced and manufactured electronic and optical pulsers. In addition, Crypta Labs deals in application security for devices. The company deals in Quantum Random Number Generator products and solutions and Internet of Things (IoT). The major sectors the company is looking at are transport, military and medical.

The report includes the complete insight of the industry, and aims to provide an opportunity for the emerging and established players to understand the market trends, current scenario, initiatives taken by the government, and the latest technologies related to the market. In addition, it helps the venture capitalists in understanding the companies better and to take informed decisions.

Regional Analysis

The Americas held the largest chunk of market share in 2017 and is expected to dominate the quantum cryptography market during the forecast period. The region has always been a hub for high investments in research and development (R&D) activities, thus contributing to the development of new technologies. The growing concerns for the security of IT infrastructure and complex data in America have directed the enterprises in this region to adopt quantum cryptography and reliable authentication solutions.

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Benefits

The report provides an in-depth analysis of the global intelligent apps market aiming to reduce the time to market the products and services, reduce operational cost, improve accuracy, and operational performance. With the help of quantum cryptography, various organizations can secure their crucial information, and increase productivity and efficiency. In addition, the solutions are proven to be reliable and improve scalability. The report discusses the types, applications, and regions related to this market. Further, the report provides details about the major challenges impacting the market growth.

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Quantum Cryptography Market Research Analysis Including Growth Factors, Types And Application By Regions From 2024 - Kentucky Journal 24