What is noir? Its one of those catch-all concepts, an I-know-it-when-I-see-it designation, as elusive as a Santa Ana wind. Its an American genre with a French name, a literary style perhaps best understood through the lens of film: atmospheric black and white. As a category, noir dates back to the 1920s and the writers who contributed to the pulp magazine Black Mask. These included Raymond Chandler, who published his first story there in 1933, as well as Erle Stanley Gardner, Raoul Whitfield, Dashiell Hammettwho introduced the Continental Op, an archetypal detective who never reveals his name, in October 1923and the now largely forgotten Paul Cain, whose brutal, jazzy 1933 novel, Fast One, reconfigured Southern California crime fiction with a bang. As Kells went through the door, Cain writes in an early chapter, the Captain said, Where were you last night? Kells turned. I was drunk. I dont remember. The exchange recalls a line from Hammett, who in his 1930 novel, The Maltese Falcon, insists, I distrust a man that says when. If hes got to be careful not to drink too much its because hes not to be trusted when he does. Both moments are bleakly funny (cynical humor is among the genres hallmarks), but even more, both stake out a worldview in which hope, or even memory, is unreliable and betrayal lurks at the heart of every conversation, every interaction, every exchange or confrontation with the world.

For all noirs roots in the 1920s, the 1930s were its first golden age. In 1934 and 1936, that other Cain, James M. (a failed screenwriter and former managing editor of the New Yorker), published his first novel, The Postman Always Rings Twice, and serialized his second, Double Indemnity (it appeared as a book in 1943)not just genre masterpieces but also among the finest American fiction, period, of the decade. Horace McCoy presented murder as an act of compassion in They Shoot Horses, Dont They? (1935), set at a Santa Monica dance marathon. What such works share, not unlike Fast One and The Maltese Falcon, is an existential outlook: a sense of the universe as a lost place, desperate, where bad things happen and people are taken advantage ofor worse, take advantage of themselves. They spoke quickly, as though they were saying things that scalded their mouths, and had to be cooled with spit, Cain writes in 1941s Mildred Piercenot a noir, but noir-inflecteddescribing a couple splitting up. Indeed, the whole scene had an ancient, almost classical ugliness to it, for they uttered the same recriminations that have been uttered since the beginning of marriage, and added little of originality to them, and nothing of beauty.

Cain is right; at its core, noir speaks to elemental troubles and frustrations. At the same time, the power of his writing, and of the genre, had as much to do with its vernacular aspectsits accessibilityas with its ancient, almost classical motifs. I make no conscious effort to be tough, or hard-boiled, or grim, he acknowledged. I merely try to write as the character would write, and I never forget the average man, from the fields, the streets, the bars, the offices, and even the gutters of his country, has acquired a vividness of speech that goes beyond anything I could invent. What hes describing is the voice of popular imagination, which is the territory out of which noir evolves. By 1939, when Chandler put out his first novel, The Big Sleep, noir had become its own sort of counternarrative, rejecting hope or even aspiration for the darkness and desolation beneath the surface of American life.

Chandlers detective, Philip Marlowe, is a finely rendered character wrestling with complication and complicity. Like most noir antiheroes, he is a free agent, a man with a rigorous moral code who must nonetheless do right by people who are themselves not always right and good. Corruption drips from the pages of The Big Sleep, beginning with the opening sequence, in which Marlowe visits the Sternwood mansion, reportedly based on Greystone, the Beverly Hills estate where, on February 16, 1929, Ned Doheny, the son of Southern California oil baron Edward Doheny, died in an apparent murder-suicide. Seven years earlier, the younger Doheny had served as his fathers bagman, delivering $100,000 in a black leather satchel, notes the writer Richard Rayner, to Interior Secretary Albert Fall. In exchange Doheny got the lease on a naval oil reserve, worth some $100 million. It all came out as part of the Teapot Dome scandal that brought down Warren Hardings administration.

Talk about the darkness and desolation of American life.

Marlowe meets Carmen Sternwood, twenty or so, small and delicately put together[with] little sharp predatory teeth as white as fresh orange pith and as shiny as porcelain. If Carmen is one sort of trouble, her father, General Sternwood, is anotherold and sickly, a hothouse flower condemned to a sweltering greenhouse full of orchids, a forest of them, with nasty meaty leaves and stalks like the newly washed fingers of dead men. They smelled as overpowering as boiling alcohol under a blanket. In just a few pages, Chandler sets the stage for his entire oeuvre, framing Los Angeles as an artificial jungle populated by feral children and rich men rotting in the heat. His is a vision that lingers, infusing a lot of what comes after, from Joan Didions Play It As It Lays (1970) to Bret Easton Elliss Less Than Zero (1985). What did it matter where you lay once you were dead? Chandler writes. In a dirty sump or in a marble tower on top of a high hill? You were dead, you were sleeping the big sleep, you were not bothered by things like that. Oil and water were the same as wind and air to you. You just slept the big sleep, not caring about the nastiness of how you died or where you fell. Me, I was part of the nastiness now.

For Marlowe, that nastiness has more than a little to do with the Depression, which marks a lot of early noir like a stigmata or a brand. This makes sense, for the 1930s were nothing if not a treacherous decade, in which the prevailing narratives, public and private, grew tangled and the promises were left unkept. Gangsters became folk heroes: John Dillinger, Bonnie and Clyde. Edward Andersons 1937 country noir, Thieves Like Us, is built around such a figure, a bank robber who pursues crime reluctantly, even as his outlaw legend grows. In You Play the Black and the Red Comes Up (1938), Eric Knightbetter known for the childrens classic Lassie Come-Homewrites about a man who follows his wayward wife from the Dust Bowl to California only to fall into an empty, peripatetic life. Early in the novel, Knight describes a boxcar traveling west: There was a bunch of floaters inside who were all heading for California because there was a man there going to be elected governor who would take all the money from the millionaires and give $50 a week to every man without a job. The man, of course, is Upton Sinclair, who ran for governor in 1934 on the EPIC (End Poverty in California) platform but lost, though he did amass nearly 900,000 votes.

California appears to have come into being with noir in mind. Why? Because it was a new place, or perceived as one: west of the west, to borrow Theodore Roosevelts phrase, where the old rules did not apply. Out here on the edge of the continent, desperation came with the territoryespecially if you didnt get what you wanted. The sun was shining, McCoy writes in his 1938 novel, I Should Have Stayed Home, the kind of sun Id always been afraid of before when I felt like this because of what it would show me, but now I didnt care. The setting is Hollywood, where the narrator, an aspiring actor named Ralph Carston, has come in search of fame or, perhaps, destiny; the title reveals, in no uncertain terms, how that has gone.

McCoys is hardly the only fiction to frame the movie business through a noirish lens or the Southern California sunlight as a blighted curse. Where else should they go but California, the land of sunshine and oranges? Nathanael West asks in The Day of the Locust, published a year after McCoys novel and the same year as The Big Sleep. Once there, they discover that sunshine isnt enough. They get tired of oranges, even of avocado pears and passion fruit. Nothing happens. They dont know what to do with their time. The boredom, the dashed expectations, the sense of being trapped in a place once regarded as a paradiseits the essence of noir. They have, West concludes of these arrivals, been cheated and betrayed.

If the Hollywood novel is not noir exactly, there is without question a relationship. What is the motion picture industry, after all, if not a landscape of disrupted dreams? Perhaps the most useful way to consider it is in terms of what Mike Davis calls, in City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles, the master dialectic of sunshine and noira rubric that explains the genre as not just category but also attitude. Noir is what you get when the sunlight fades but you have nowhere else to go. Noir is the flip side of the paradisal promise California claims to represent. We see it in McCoy and West, in Budd Schulbergs What Makes Sammy Run? (1941) and Gavin Lamberts gimlet-eyed The Slide Area (1959). Even Chandler wrote a Hollywood novel of sorts, The Little Sister, published in 1949 and said to have been inspired by his experiences at the studios. (Among his scripts is the one for Billy Wilders 1944 adaptation of Double Indemnity.) Then there is Leigh Brackett, who worked with William Faulkner on the screenplay of The Big Sleep (1946) and also wrote a series of crime novels beginning with 1944s No Good from a Corpse, and Dorothy B. Hughes, whose magnificent 1947 novel, In a Lonely Place (filmed in 1950 with Humphrey Bogart), begins as a man follows a studio worker down the California Incline on a foggy night in Santa Monica. He knew she heard him, Hughes writes menacingly, for her heel struck an extra beat, as if she had half stumbled, and her steps went faster. He didnt walk faster, he continued to saunter but he lengthened his stride, smiling slightly. She was afraid.

Hollywood, of course, helped drive noir in another way: by offering pulp writers paying work. In 1957, Jim Thompson (best known for his novels The Killer Inside Me and The Grifters) came to Southern California to work with Stanley Kubrick on Paths of Glory after collaborating with the director on The Killing, based on Lionel Whites racetrack heist caper Clean Break. A decade earlier, David Goodisthe greatest, and darkest, of the classic noir writershad made a similar move, heading west to sign with Warner Bros. Goodiss 1946 novel, Dark Passage, set in San Francisco, was filmed the next year as a Bogart-Bacall vehicle; it involves a man wrongly convicted of murder who has plastic surgery to disguise himself after a prison escape. It was a tough break, Goodis begins. Parry was innocent. On top of that he was a decent sort of guy who never bothered people and wanted to lead a quiet life. But there was too much on the other side and on his side of it there was practically nothing. The jury decided he was guilty. The judge handed him a life sentence and he was taken to San Quentin. Thats as concise and pointed an opening as can be imagined, a vivid example, in both its sparseness and its sense of resignation, of noir style. Yet Dark Passage was less, it turned out, Goodiss big break than his only one; in 1950, he returned home to Philadelphia, moving back into his parents house, where he spent the next 17 years cranking out paperback originals, until his death at 49.

Goodiss experience is a reminder that some noir novelists lived it as they wrote it, on the fringes of the culture, their work disposable, not regarded as respectable, their reputations marginal at best. As the critic Edmund Wilson opined in a 1945 piece for the New Yorker, the reading of detective stories is simply a kind of vice that, for silliness and minor harmfulness, ranks somewhere between crossword puzzles and smoking. Wilson was wrong, but that perception lingered well past the 1940s and 1950s; it only began to shift in the 1980s, after Barry Gifford, who would go on to write Wild at Heart (1990), founded his Black Lizard imprint at Berkeleys Creative Arts Book Company. I purchased 13 Thompson titles right off the top, Gifford told me once. Some of them had been out of print for 30 years, and there was no demand at all. From 1984 until 1990, when it was sold to Random House, Black Lizard issued more than 80 titles, most so hard to find that they might as well have been lost. The list features work by Goodisincluding Down There (1956), source for Franois Truffauts 1960 film, Shoot the Piano Playerand Thompson, as well as Steve Fishers Hollywood thriller I Wake Up Screaming (1941); Charles Willefords Pick-Up (1955), which recounts an interracial relationship in 1950s San Francisco; Fast One; and You Play the Black and the Red Comes Up.

For many readers, myself included, Black Lizard was an inflection point. It reintroduced the genre, but it also updated the terms. Like the 1930s, the 1980s were a troubled decade, marked by recession, political conflict, the pandemic of AIDS. In California, this carried over into the 1990s, with Rodney King and O.J. Simpson, earthquakes, fires, floods. A culture of disruption requires a literature of disruption. This is what noir provides. Wilson to the contrary, the genre has long had an air of cultural critique or, at least, commentary; just think about all those floaters sitting in that boxcar, taking the long passage to California to collect their $50 a week.

Thats the tradition in which Walter Mosley began writing his first Easy Rawlins novel, Devil in a Blue Dress, which appeared in 1990; the series, comprising 14 books thus far, takes its Black detective from 1948 to 1968, a period that encompasses redlining, housing covenants, the Red Scare, and the Watts Rebellion. Its a strategy inspired by Chandler, who in his last great work, The Long Goodbye (1953), shows us a vulnerable Philip Marlowe, reckoning with growing older, living with the burdens of his past. Still, even Chandler didnt conceive of detective fiction as a social document in the way that Mosley and his contemporaries have. After three novels about Juniper Song, a Korean American feminist investigator who idolizes Marlowe, Steph Cha pushed the bounds of her own vision and the genre with last years Your House Will Pay, which builds from the unrest of the 1990s to investigate the lingering wounds and unresolved tensions that scar two families, one Korean and the other Black, in present-day Los Angeles. Naomi Hiraharas Mas Arai is a gardener who came to California after surviving Hiroshima; a second Hirahara series, involving a rookie Los Angeles police officer named Ellie Rush, unfolds in the city as it is now, with light rail and a revitalized downtown and a deep understanding and recognition of Southern Californias many overlapping communities. Berkeleys Owen Hill, a longtime buyer at Moes Books, is the author of two novels, The Chandler Apartments and The Incredible Double, that revolve around a bisexual detective and book scout named Clay Blackburn; the books pay homage to, and upend, the conventions of the genre. She was a bundle of clichs, Clay confides knowingly in the latter, but again, I wasnt noticing. Or maybe its that in Berkeley we live with a different set of clichs.

This is not a break so much as it is an evolutionor maybe its just that noir is infinitely flexible. Rather than silliness and minor harmfulness, it is in fact a living literature. Like Chas, Hills path begins with Chandler; he coedited The Annotated Big Sleep in 2018. But like Cha, he (or Hirahara or Mosley) understands that noir is as expansive as it needs to be. I dont know how long I stood there, Mosley writes in Little Scarlet, his novel of the Watts Rebellion. I was in no hurry. I had death and sex and race on the brain. No matter which way I turned in my mind, there was one of those vast problems. Vast, yes. Insurmountable, perhaps. But the legacy of noir is that we cant avoid them. Evenor especiallyin a universe where redemption is elusive and there is no way to set things right.

David L. Ulin is Altas books editor.

Read more from Altas Fall 2020 Noir Special Section.

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The Journey of the Antihero - Alta Magazine

Global Rayon Market research report presents a comprehensive overview of market size, share, evolution, trends, and forecast, and growth opportunities of Rayon market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries. This report offers comprehensive analysis on global Rayon market along with, market trends, drivers, and restraints of the Rayon market. In-depth study of market size with data Tables, Bar & Pie Charts, and Graphs & Statistics which helps easy to understand detailed breakdown of market.

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Rayon Market Forecast and Segments, 2020-2025 The Daily Chronicle - The Daily Chronicle

Asias growth, and growth potential, has long been a dominant narrative for PR agencies, but it has largely been left to expat leaders usually male, always white to capitalise on it. There are signs that this is at last changing. Four major networks, including Ruder Finn, H+K Strategies, MSL and the Hoffman Agency are now led in Asia-Pacific by women from (or at least partially from) the region.

The leaders themselves see this shift as natural evolution combined with increased awareness from global headquarters of the value of local market familiarity and insight. But data suggests it has been hard won, not least given that 62% of respondents to this years Best Agencies to Work For survey in Asia-Pacific were female, more or less in line with global averages for the PR industry.

In Asia, furthermore, the experience of women in PR seems to reflect that of the wider business world. Female labour participation in many East and Southeast Asian countries, including China (64%), Hong Kong (52%), Indonesia (51%) and Singapore (56%) is typically higher than the global average of 48% and, indeed, the biggest PR market of the US (47%). But a 2019 McKinsey report finds that women often occupy far fewer senior managerial rolesaround a quarter in Singapore and less than 5% in India and Japan, despite accounting for 40-45% of corporate entry-level positions.

A steep climb

For multinationals in Asia, cultural empathy with headquarters is understandably important, and it bears noting that three of the four leaders interviewed in this article attended universities in the US, suggesting that a Western education, while not essential, may well be helpful.

Margaret Key, who has a bicultural American and Korean background, is based in Seoul.She became chief executive of AMEA for MSL last yearafter holding regional leadership roles at Zeno and Burson-Marsteller. Early in her career, she says her ability to succeed in senior roles was questioned on account of being a woman and too young. At the time, she says, she did not think to question back.

She also met with a lack of empathy upon becoming pregnant, an experience that has spurred her to ensure women in the companies she leads do not find themselves in a similar position. Her own abilities and hard work aside, she appreciates the faith that her (male) superiors ultimately placed in her early on, but thinks she has been able to succeed largely due to supportive family. Not everyone with the same aptitude would be as fortunate.

In Asia, women are still expected to be the caretaker, she says. For many, even if they want to be able to flourish in their careers, theyre unable to and have dropped out because they didnt have anybody to take care of the children.

In Shanghai, Elan Shou, who was promoted from Greater China MD toregional director of Asia-Pacificin 2018, says it has taken time for country heads, who are now in many cases local if not female, to rise to a point where they are ready to take on regional responsibilities. She expects to see more and more women follow that path.

Shous ascent was unusually fast. She took over the Shanghai office aged just 28. But as the mother of three children, she admits that leadership comes at a price. Its impossible to achieve work-life balance, she says, although she thinks agencies should facilitate such a balance for employees who dont necessarily want such high-flying careers. In her position, its a question of how you combine work and life.

The biggest barrier for women in getting to a senior position is that we have to make a decision: do we want work-life balance, or are we prepared to sacrifice our time in order to be successful.

Seoul-based HS Chung became president of Asia for H+K last year, having founded an agency when PR was a fledgling industry in Korea. WPP merged it with H+K in 2002 and she has been with the company ever since. She recalls awkward meetings in her early days as an entrepreneur and as recently as 10 years ago, especially with government clients, who were taken aback by the notion of a female company leader. She thinks attitudes have improved and that while sexism does still exist, attaining leadership today depends much more on being able to deliver on the financials and relevant knowledge than on gender. She sees more opportunity for Asian PR professionals as a whole.

Global leadership feels it is very important for the region to have leadership that understands the region, she says. That such thinking is new is somewhat disconcerting to say the least, but it is driven by client demands. If true local insight is seen to be lacking, multinational companies wont speak to you any more.

The Hoffman Agencys Asia-Pacific MD Caroline Hsu takes a similar view to Key, noting that in traditional societies, expectations that a woman will act as the homemaker persist and can seriously hinder career aspirations. Imposter syndrome can also be a factor, and one that tends to hurt women (and women of colour) more strongly than men. Hsu sees climbing the ladder as an internal struggle to overcome self-doubt. This can take the form of not feeling ready to step up to a bigger role, or reticence in demanding what one feels they deserve.

Hsu, who is from Taiwan, has held senior roles since 2008, when she joined Google as head of communications for Hong Kong and Taiwan. But it is only recently that she feels female leadership has become a topic. In that sense, her progression can be seen as more difficult than it might be, at a time when more people are conscious of the need to ensure female professionals have the same opportunities as their male counterparts.

This does mean that women are more likely to be considered for leadership positions, says Shou. But she thinks the policy is easier to implement in smaller networks and sees male clubs within companies as a continuing problem that is difficult to crack other than by proving ones value through results. Apart from the blossoming and perhaps better recognition of existing talent, she does not see much as having changed. The two things she sees as central to success, especially at a more junior level, are the ability to learn and the willingness to take initiative.

I think women need to be professionally more proactive, she says. This means doing things without being told to do them, but to a large extent it also means becoming a better self-promoter. She notes that in team meetings, men typically do the presenting, even if they were less active than their female colleagues in the preparation. Women must overcome the tendency to recede into the shadows, which is sometimes cultural and stems from a fear of being seen as aggressive. At the end of the day, you need to become better at presenting, be more daring and show how well youve been doing, she advises.

Something that is likely to help build confidence is an increase in the number of role models. You see more [Asian] women that are rising in the ranks, says Key. So when a junior or mid-level employee looks up, they see leadership that is representative of them. So they feel that its much more realistic for them to pursue a career.

Hsu thinks most who rise to a senior position are passionate about being mentors to other women leaders which results in a positive cycle that at least opens peoples eyes to possibilities. Shared experience plays an important role at the higher level too. Seeing other [relatable] leaders in these roles and being able to build that sense of connection outside of our day job has made a difference, Hsu says. For her, the simple willingness of more people to reach out has helped put female Asian leadership on a strong trajectory.

Systemic change

At the same time, the fact that we are writing a story on Asian female leadership indicates that there is some way to go for these opportunities to become systemic. In particular, there will be no lasting change without action from male leaders as well as women who have an obvious interest in pursuing it. Shou says this would ideally include greater flexibility with a view to making the industry family-friendly; making a point of asking female employees for their views if they do not step forward; and dispensing with the club culture that often sees women excluded from key decision-making.

Male leaders can also organise and attend unconscious bias training, says Hsu, noting that just being aware is a start towards bridging the gap. They should also commit to evaluating performance fairly, given that men are more often rewarded for self-promotion, and as a result their performance is often overestimated.

The bias is even more pronounced when review criteria are unclear, making managers more likely to rely on gut feelings and personal inferences, she says. Over time, even small deviations in performance evaluation have a significant impact on womens careers.

Concrete data would help. I think it is important that headquarters look to seriously embracing diversity, not just by saying [they support it] but by showing, Key says. Make targets focused on diversity across all levels including leadership and share the improvements. That is core to PR and our focus on transparency. The same could be said of pay and ensuring pay equity.

She claims the system is now very transparent but says its important to consider that men and women are different, and have different requirements. To ensure a woman can do a good job, you need flexibility in the working environment, she says. Its not difficult to do.

It is worth noting that, when examining the leadership ranks of the major PR agencies in Asia-Pacific, the days of the 'expat GM' appear to be consigned to history. At many firms, including Ogilvy, Weber Shandwick, FleishmanHillard and BCW there has been a noticeable shift towards female Asian market leaders.

But it is also important to consider what achieving diversity means in an Asian context, says Chung. Understanding things like communication barriers caused by ingrained notions of hierarchy, for instance, would seem easier for an Asian leader to do than one from outside the regionprovided they are committed to facilitating equality to begin with. We [as regional leaders] should take responsibility for adding value beyond financial and making sure that Asia is well represented inside out to the global network, she says.

From a logistical perspective, the growing acceptance of remote working combined with the gradual breakdown of regional bases is likely to make it easier for women to take on regional roles from their home markets. Where moving to a traditional hub like Singapore would serve as a deterrent to stepping up for many women with family considerations, it is likely to become less of a requirement. I think it will make things different, no longer needing a physical office or team, Chung says. Location is no longer a problem. Its the person thats important.

The change is encouraging, but for a new generation of female Asian would-be leaders to realise their potential still requires them to muster enough confidence to put their hands up in an industry that is still obviously male-skewed at the top. But many may well feel it isnt worth it. Citing proprietary research from 2019 that highlighted a lack of desire among PR professionals to move into leadership roles,Prospect Resourcing co-founder and MD Emma Dale says:

The responsibility falls to the industry as a whole to demonstrate the attractiveness of these roles with a focus on the career advantages and learning opportunities that these positions provide. She agrees that seeing and learning from more female leaders is likely to prove inspiring.

In Asia you do have some women that are very strong, but I think in most cases there is the question of Am I ready? Am I good enough?, says Key. I was very much that woman who was questioning herself.

She said encouragement from her bosses, who happened to be male, instilled the self-belief needed to progress to more challenging roles. So I try very hard to help others believe in themselves, to show that I think they can do something probably faster than they think they can do it.

Hsu would like to see male leaders offer mentorship more readily. This means overcoming the fear that time spent with a junior female employee may be seen as inappropriate, she says. Finding a way to establish a formal mentorship programme is important, because these personal connections can help propel careers for women somewhere down the road.

Ultimately, lasting change will come down to similar attitudes and situational awareness industry-wide on the part of existing leaders, Hsu says. That means recognising that male and female candidates are not currently on an equal footing, and making conscious efforts. It means nudging people to consider an opportunity they might think is out of reach. It also means considering who is on a hiring committee and ensuring it is diverse enough to yield a fair decision. And it means having data on hand to monitor whether or not the makeup of the industry is really changing, and to set benchmarks.

It can make a big difference when youre looking at things with a slightly more critical eye, says Hsu.

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Asian Women At The Top: Four PR Network Leaders On How Change Happens - PRovoke Media

Global Reflective Tape Market research report presents a comprehensive overview of market size, share, evolution, trends, and forecast, and growth opportunities of Reflective Tape market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries. This report offers comprehensive analysis on global Reflective Tape market along with, market trends, drivers, and restraints of the Reflective Tape market. In-depth study of market size with data Tables, Bar & Pie Charts, and Graphs & Statistics which helps easy to understand detailed breakdown of market.

Note: Our analysts monitoring the situation across the globe explains that the market will generate remunerative prospects for producers post COVID-19 crisis. The report aims to provide an additional illustration of the latest scenario, economic slowdown, and COVID-19 impact on the overall industry.

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Segment by Type, the Reflective Tape market is segmented into Silver Type Yellow Type Other

Segment by Application, the Reflective Tape market is segmented into Marine Military & Gov Other

Regional and Country-level Analysis The Reflective Tape market is analysed and market size information is provided by regions (countries). The key regions covered in the Reflective Tape market report are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. It also covers key regions (countries), viz, U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. The report includes country-wise and region-wise market size for the period 2015-2026. It also includes market size and forecast by Type, and by Application segment in terms of sales and revenue for the period 2015-2026. Competitive Landscape and Reflective Tape Market Share Analysis Reflective Tape market competitive landscape provides details and data information by players. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on revenue by the player for the period 2015-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on revenue (global and regional level) by players for the period 2015-2020. Details included are company description, major business, company total revenue and the sales, revenue generated in Reflective Tape business, the date to enter into the Reflective Tape market, Reflective Tape product introduction, recent developments, etc.

The major vendors covered: 3M Reflomax Brady Australia Qualisys Scott Safety

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This detailed report on Reflective Tape market largely focuses on prominent facets such as product portfolio, payment channels, service offerings, applications, in addition to technological sophistication. The report lends versatile cues on market size and growth traits, besides also offering an in-depth section on opportunity mapping as well as barrier analysis, thus encouraging report readers to incur growth in global Reflective Tape market.

This comprehensive research- documentary on global Reflective Tape market is a holistic perspective of market developments, factors, dynamics, trends and challenges that decide growth trajectory of global Reflective Tape market.

Apart from highlighting these vital realms, the report also includes critical understanding on notable developments and growth estimation across regions at a global context in this report on Reflective Tape market.

These leading players are analyzed at length, complete with their product portfolio and company profiles to decipher crucial market findings. Additionally, the competitive landscape of the Reflective Tape market is also evaluated at length in the report, to identify and analyze leading service providers.

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, Reflective Tape market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2026) of the following regions are covered-

North America (USA, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia etc.)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

All the notable Reflective Tape market specific dimensions are studied and analyzed at length in the report to arrive at conclusive insights. Further, a dedicated section on regional overview of the Reflective Tape market is also included in the report to identify lucrative growth hubs.

This Reflective Tape market also harps on competition intensity, thoroughly identifying and evaluating leading players in the Reflective Tape market and their growth stimulators. Besides these aforementioned factors and attributes of the Reflective Tape market, this report specifically decodes notable findings and concludes on innumerable factors and growth stimulating decisions that make this Reflective Tape market a highly profitable.

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A thorough take on essential elements such as drivers, threats, challenges, opportunities are thoroughly assessed and analyzed to arrive at logical conclusions. As the report proceeds further, Even further in the report emphasis has been lent on current, historical, as well as future growth tendencies to make accurate growth estimations based on market size, value, volume, demand and supply trends as well as growth rate.

Other vital factors related to the Reflective Tape market such as scope, growth potential, profitability, and structural break-down have been innately roped in this Reflective Tape report to accelerate market growth. This research compilation on Reflective Tape market is a meticulous compilation of in-depth primary and secondary research. The report also lists ample understanding on various analytical practices such as SWOT and PESTEL analysis to guide optimum profits in Reflective Tape market. The report is a conscious attempt to unearth market specific developments to ignite growth specific market discretion.

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Reflective Tape Market to Showcase Vigorous Demand During the Period until 2025 - The Daily Chronicle

Global Unmanned Fighter Aircraft Market research report presents a comprehensive overview of market size, share, evolution, trends, and forecast, and growth opportunities of Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries. This report offers comprehensive analysis on global Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market along with, market trends, drivers, and restraints of the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market. In-depth study of market size with data Tables, Bar & Pie Charts, and Graphs & Statistics which helps easy to understand detailed breakdown of market.

Note: Our analysts monitoring the situation across the globe explains that the market will generate remunerative prospects for producers post COVID-19 crisis. The report aims to provide an additional illustration of the latest scenario, economic slowdown, and COVID-19 impact on the overall industry.

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Segment by Type, the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market is segmented into Fixed Wing Rotary Wing

Segment by Application, the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market is segmented into Homeland Security Defense Others

Regional and Country-level Analysis The Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market is analysed and market size information is provided by regions (countries). The key regions covered in the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market report are North America, Europe, China, Japan, South Korea and India. It also covers key regions (countries), viz, the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. The report includes country-wise and region-wise market size for the period 2015-2026. It also includes market size and forecast by Type, and by Application segment in terms of production capacity, price and revenue for the period 2015-2026. Competitive Landscape and Unmanned Fighter Aircraft Market Share Analysis

Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market competitive landscape provides details and data information by manufacturers. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on production capacity, price, revenue of Unmanned Fighter Aircraft by the player for the period 2015-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on production, revenue (global and regional level) by players for the period 2015-2020. Details included are company description, major business, company total revenue, and the production capacity, price, revenue generated in Unmanned Fighter Aircraft business, the date to enter into the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market, Unmanned Fighter Aircraft product introduction, recent developments, etc. The major vendors covered: Airbus Defense and Space BAE Systems Boeing Lockheed Martin Saab

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This detailed report on Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market largely focuses on prominent facets such as product portfolio, payment channels, service offerings, applications, in addition to technological sophistication. The report lends versatile cues on market size and growth traits, besides also offering an in-depth section on opportunity mapping as well as barrier analysis, thus encouraging report readers to incur growth in global Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market.

This comprehensive research- documentary on global Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market is a holistic perspective of market developments, factors, dynamics, trends and challenges that decide growth trajectory of global Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market.

Apart from highlighting these vital realms, the report also includes critical understanding on notable developments and growth estimation across regions at a global context in this report on Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market.

These leading players are analyzed at length, complete with their product portfolio and company profiles to decipher crucial market findings. Additionally, the competitive landscape of the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market is also evaluated at length in the report, to identify and analyze leading service providers.

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2026) of the following regions are covered-

North America (USA, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia etc.)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

All the notable Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market specific dimensions are studied and analyzed at length in the report to arrive at conclusive insights. Further, a dedicated section on regional overview of the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market is also included in the report to identify lucrative growth hubs.

This Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market also harps on competition intensity, thoroughly identifying and evaluating leading players in the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market and their growth stimulators. Besides these aforementioned factors and attributes of the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market, this report specifically decodes notable findings and concludes on innumerable factors and growth stimulating decisions that make this Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market a highly profitable.

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A thorough take on essential elements such as drivers, threats, challenges, opportunities are thoroughly assessed and analyzed to arrive at logical conclusions. As the report proceeds further, Even further in the report emphasis has been lent on current, historical, as well as future growth tendencies to make accurate growth estimations based on market size, value, volume, demand and supply trends as well as growth rate.

Other vital factors related to the Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market such as scope, growth potential, profitability, and structural break-down have been innately roped in this Unmanned Fighter Aircraft report to accelerate market growth. This research compilation on Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market is a meticulous compilation of in-depth primary and secondary research. The report also lists ample understanding on various analytical practices such as SWOT and PESTEL analysis to guide optimum profits in Unmanned Fighter Aircraft market. The report is a conscious attempt to unearth market specific developments to ignite growth specific market discretion.

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Unmanned Fighter Aircraft Market : In-depth Analysis to Understand the Competitive Outlook of the Global Industry with Future Estimations - The Daily...

Global Medium and Large Satellite Market research report presents a comprehensive overview of market size, share, evolution, trends, and forecast, and growth opportunities of Medium and Large Satellite market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries. This report offers comprehensive analysis on global Medium and Large Satellite market along with, market trends, drivers, and restraints of the Medium and Large Satellite market. In-depth study of market size with data Tables, Bar & Pie Charts, and Graphs & Statistics which helps easy to understand detailed breakdown of market.

Note: Our analysts monitoring the situation across the globe explains that the market will generate remunerative prospects for producers post COVID-19 crisis. The report aims to provide an additional illustration of the latest scenario, economic slowdown, and COVID-19 impact on the overall industry.

Get PDF Sample Copy of this Report to understand the structure of the complete report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) @ https://www.marketresearchhub.com/enquiry.php?type=S&repid=2760416&source=atm

Segment by Type, the Medium and Large Satellite market is segmented into 500-1000 Kg More Than 1000 Kg

Segment by Application, the Medium and Large Satellite market is segmented into Military Civilian

Regional and Country-level Analysis The Medium and Large Satellite market is analysed and market size information is provided by regions (countries). The key regions covered in the Medium and Large Satellite market report are North America, Europe, China and Japan. It also covers key regions (countries), viz, the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. The report includes country-wise and region-wise market size for the period 2015-2026. It also includes market size and forecast by Type, and by Application segment in terms of production capacity, price and revenue for the period 2015-2026. Competitive Landscape and Medium and Large Satellite Market Share Analysis

Medium and Large Satellite market competitive landscape provides details and data information by manufacturers. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on production capacity, price, revenue of Medium and Large Satellite by the player for the period 2015-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on production, revenue (global and regional level) by players for the period 2015-2020. Details included are company description, major business, company total revenue, and the production capacity, price, revenue generated in Medium and Large Satellite business, the date to enter into the Medium and Large Satellite market, Medium and Large Satellite product introduction, recent developments, etc. The major vendors covered: Airbus Defence and Space Lockheed Martin Boeing Defense, Space & Security OHB SE JSC Information Satellite Systems Northrop Grumman Space Systems/Loral (SSL) Thales Alenia Space

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This detailed report on Medium and Large Satellite market largely focuses on prominent facets such as product portfolio, payment channels, service offerings, applications, in addition to technological sophistication. The report lends versatile cues on market size and growth traits, besides also offering an in-depth section on opportunity mapping as well as barrier analysis, thus encouraging report readers to incur growth in global Medium and Large Satellite market.

This comprehensive research- documentary on global Medium and Large Satellite market is a holistic perspective of market developments, factors, dynamics, trends and challenges that decide growth trajectory of global Medium and Large Satellite market.

Apart from highlighting these vital realms, the report also includes critical understanding on notable developments and growth estimation across regions at a global context in this report on Medium and Large Satellite market.

These leading players are analyzed at length, complete with their product portfolio and company profiles to decipher crucial market findings. Additionally, the competitive landscape of the Medium and Large Satellite market is also evaluated at length in the report, to identify and analyze leading service providers.

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, Medium and Large Satellite market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2026) of the following regions are covered-

North America (USA, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia etc.)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

All the notable Medium and Large Satellite market specific dimensions are studied and analyzed at length in the report to arrive at conclusive insights. Further, a dedicated section on regional overview of the Medium and Large Satellite market is also included in the report to identify lucrative growth hubs.

This Medium and Large Satellite market also harps on competition intensity, thoroughly identifying and evaluating leading players in the Medium and Large Satellite market and their growth stimulators. Besides these aforementioned factors and attributes of the Medium and Large Satellite market, this report specifically decodes notable findings and concludes on innumerable factors and growth stimulating decisions that make this Medium and Large Satellite market a highly profitable.

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A thorough take on essential elements such as drivers, threats, challenges, opportunities are thoroughly assessed and analyzed to arrive at logical conclusions. As the report proceeds further, Even further in the report emphasis has been lent on current, historical, as well as future growth tendencies to make accurate growth estimations based on market size, value, volume, demand and supply trends as well as growth rate.

Other vital factors related to the Medium and Large Satellite market such as scope, growth potential, profitability, and structural break-down have been innately roped in this Medium and Large Satellite report to accelerate market growth. This research compilation on Medium and Large Satellite market is a meticulous compilation of in-depth primary and secondary research. The report also lists ample understanding on various analytical practices such as SWOT and PESTEL analysis to guide optimum profits in Medium and Large Satellite market. The report is a conscious attempt to unearth market specific developments to ignite growth specific market discretion.

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Medium and Large Satellite Market Application And Specification, Product Category, Downstream Buyers,Top Player with Forecast till 2025 - The Daily...

Global Modified Nylon Market research report presents a comprehensive overview of market size, share, evolution, trends, and forecast, and growth opportunities of Modified Nylon market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries. This report offers comprehensive analysis on global Modified Nylon market along with, market trends, drivers, and restraints of the Modified Nylon market. In-depth study of market size with data Tables, Bar & Pie Charts, and Graphs & Statistics which helps easy to understand detailed breakdown of market.

Note: Our analysts monitoring the situation across the globe explains that the market will generate remunerative prospects for producers post COVID-19 crisis. The report aims to provide an additional illustration of the latest scenario, economic slowdown, and COVID-19 impact on the overall industry.

Get PDF Sample Copy of this Report to understand the structure of the complete report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) @ https://www.researchmoz.com/enquiry.php?type=S&repid=2774307&source=atm

Segment by Type, the Modified Nylon market is segmented into Glass Filled Modified Nylon Carbon Fiber Modified Nylon Other

Segment by Application, the Modified Nylon market is segmented into Automotive Electronic Chemical Machinery Equipment

Regional and Country-level Analysis The Modified Nylon market is analysed and market size information is provided by regions (countries). The key regions covered in the Modified Nylon market report are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. It also covers key regions (countries), viz, U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. The report includes country-wise and region-wise market size for the period 2015-2026. It also includes market size and forecast by Type, and by Application segment in terms of sales and revenue for the period 2015-2026. Competitive Landscape and Modified Nylon Market Share Analysis Modified Nylon market competitive landscape provides details and data information by players. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on revenue by the player for the period 2015-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on revenue (global and regional level) by players for the period 2015-2020. Details included are company description, major business, company total revenue and the sales, revenue generated in Modified Nylon business, the date to enter into the Modified Nylon market, Modified Nylon product introduction, recent developments, etc.

The major vendors covered: Dupont EMS SABICs Innovative Plastics RTP Company BASF Evonik Corporation DSM Ube Industries Asahi Kasei Radici Group Arkema Bayer RHODIA DOMO Chemicals Shenma Industial

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This detailed report on Modified Nylon market largely focuses on prominent facets such as product portfolio, payment channels, service offerings, applications, in addition to technological sophistication. The report lends versatile cues on market size and growth traits, besides also offering an in-depth section on opportunity mapping as well as barrier analysis, thus encouraging report readers to incur growth in global Modified Nylon market.

This comprehensive research- documentary on global Modified Nylon market is a holistic perspective of market developments, factors, dynamics, trends and challenges that decide growth trajectory of global Modified Nylon market.

Apart from highlighting these vital realms, the report also includes critical understanding on notable developments and growth estimation across regions at a global context in this report on Modified Nylon market.

These leading players are analyzed at length, complete with their product portfolio and company profiles to decipher crucial market findings. Additionally, the competitive landscape of the Modified Nylon market is also evaluated at length in the report, to identify and analyze leading service providers.

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, Modified Nylon market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2026) of the following regions are covered-

North America (USA, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia etc.)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

All the notable Modified Nylon market specific dimensions are studied and analyzed at length in the report to arrive at conclusive insights. Further, a dedicated section on regional overview of the Modified Nylon market is also included in the report to identify lucrative growth hubs.

This Modified Nylon market also harps on competition intensity, thoroughly identifying and evaluating leading players in the Modified Nylon market and their growth stimulators. Besides these aforementioned factors and attributes of the Modified Nylon market, this report specifically decodes notable findings and concludes on innumerable factors and growth stimulating decisions that make this Modified Nylon market a highly profitable.

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A thorough take on essential elements such as drivers, threats, challenges, opportunities are thoroughly assessed and analyzed to arrive at logical conclusions. As the report proceeds further, Even further in the report emphasis has been lent on current, historical, as well as future growth tendencies to make accurate growth estimations based on market size, value, volume, demand and supply trends as well as growth rate.

Other vital factors related to the Modified Nylon market such as scope, growth potential, profitability, and structural break-down have been innately roped in this Modified Nylon report to accelerate market growth. This research compilation on Modified Nylon market is a meticulous compilation of in-depth primary and secondary research. The report also lists ample understanding on various analytical practices such as SWOT and PESTEL analysis to guide optimum profits in Modified Nylon market. The report is a conscious attempt to unearth market specific developments to ignite growth specific market discretion.

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Modified Nylon Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, Industry Analysis & Forecast by 2025 - The Daily Chronicle

UK and US stocks both are in the red after troubling coronavirus data and less than stellar US trade data dented trading sentiment

The UK's flagship benchmark index finished Tuesday 30 points, 0.5%, lower at 5,897.5. The FTSE 250 lost nearly 200 points, 1.1%, to 17,173.7.

Driving the losses could be mounting coronavirus concerns, as the pandemic recently reached a tragic milestone.

"Stocks are in the red due to health concerns," CMC Markets UK David Madden wrote Tuesday."The worldwide death toll of the pandemic has topped 1 million and that headlined has been at the forefront of traders minds today. When you compare the major gains achieved yesterday with the relatively small losses registered today, it indicates that traders are not overly worried about the Covid-19 crisis."

HSBCHoldings plc (LON:HSBA) (NYSE:HSBC) lost some ground, perhaps due to some profit-taking after strong gains on Monday. The financial giant dropped 3.3% to298.50in London and 3.9% in New York to $19.18.

"Like their European counterparts, US stocks have handed back some of yesterdays gains," Madden noted."It has been a quiet day in terms of corporate earnings and volatility is likely to remain low in the session as the first presidential debate between Mr. Trump and Mr. Biden will take place after the market is closed. Opinion polls have pointed favourably to Joe Biden but it is hard to dislodge an incumbent. The allegations that Mr. Trump paid almost zero taxes in the years ahead of election victory in 2016 is likely to be brought up by Mr Biden."

Its been a largely uneventful day in London with traders reluctant to commit ahead of tonights US presidential debate.

The FTSE 100 spent the day in the red and in fact losses started to lengthen towards the end of the day, with the index down 31 points (0.5%) at 5,897.

US indices have traded in the red since the opening so a similar hesitancy is evident over there. The US advance goods trade deficit was a bit higher than expected in August, widening to US$82.9bn from US$80.1bn the previous month. The consensus forecast was for a deficit of US$81.8bn. Exports rose 2.8%, but this increase was much smaller than the 12%-plus jump in June and July, and it was more than offset by a broad-based 3.1% increase in imports. The deficit would have risen further if not for a favourable $5.2bn swing in net trade in industrial supplies, which includes oil, observed Ian Shepherdson, the chief economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics. Excluding industrial supplies, the deficit rose to a record US$84.1bn from US$76.1bn. Before Covid, the trend was running at about US$69bn per month, and declining slowly. The Covid shock crushed both exports and imports, and both remain below their prior levels, but the rebound in imports has been bigger, Shepherdson said.

US indices have traded in the red since the opening so a similar hesitancy is evident over there.

The US advance goods trade deficit was a bit higher than expected in August, widening to US$82.9bn from US$80.1bn the previous month. The consensus forecast was for a deficit of US$81.8bn.

Exports rose 2.8%, but this increase was much smaller than the 12%-plus jump in June and July, and it was more than offset by a broad-based 3.1% increase in imports. The deficit would have risen further if not for a favourable $5.2bn swing in net trade in industrial supplies, which includes oil, observed Ian Shepherdson, the chief economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics.

Excluding industrial supplies, the deficit rose to a record US$84.1bn from US$76.1bn.

Before COVID, the trend was running at about US$69bn per month, and declining slowly. The COVID shock crushed both exports and imports, and both remain below their prior levels, but the rebound in imports has been bigger, Shepherdson said.

Melkior Resources Inc (CVE:MKR) unveils landmark C$110M option/joint venture deal with major Kirkland Lake Gold for Timmins project

Steppe Gold Ltd (TSE:STGO) secures initial debt funding of around US$10.5M for its expansion project at ATO mine

Benchmark Metals Inc (CVE:BNCH) (OTCQB:BNCHF) assembles heavy-weight development team as it advances Lawyers project towards PEA

Auryn Resources Inc (TSE:AUG) (NYSEAMERICAN:AUG) unveils 12 prospective drill targets at its Committee Bay gold project in Nunavut

NexTech AR Solutions Corp (OTCQB:NEXCF) (CSE:NTAR) acquires music industry AR app AirShow

Acasti Pharma Inc (NASDAQ:ACST) (CVE:ACST) initiates review process to evaluate strategic alternatives to boost shareholder value

The Valens Company Inc (CVE:VLNS) (OTCQX:VLNCF) launches high-potency THC-infused beverage Summit 10 under white label deal with A1 Cannabis Company

Lexaria Bioscience Corp (OTCQB:LXRP) (CSE:LXX) gets ethics board nod for human trial of DehydraTECH drug delivery system; launches rodent trial with COVID-19 drugs

Algernon Pharmaceuticals Inc (CSE:AGN) (OTCQB:AGNPF) enrolls 100 patients for its Phase 2b/3 human study of Ifenprodil to treat COVID-19

First Mining Gold Corp (TSE:FF) (OTCQX:FFMGF) hails partner drilling at Pickle Crow which continues to enlarge areas of known mineralization

Shortly after the opening bell on Tuesday, the main Wall Street indices painted a decidedly mixed picture as investor sentiment wobbled ahead of the US presidential election debate and ongoing stimulus wrangling in Washington DC.

In the first minutes of trading, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.12% to 27,548, while the S&P 500 was relatively flat at 3,351 and the Nasdaq climbed 0.11% to 11,129.

Traders moods seem to also have been impacted by new US trading data, which showed that the countrys trade deficit in goods widened by 3.5% in August as exports struggled to bounce back from disruptions caused by the pandemic.

The figure is likely to be assessed in line with other key macro-economic data such as US GDP tomorrow and the non-farm payrolls report on Friday.

Back in London, the FTSE 100 was trading relatively sideways and was down 19 points at 5,908 at 2.50pm.

Equity investors are still finding few reasons to dive into equities, especially as US equities now look set to open little changed.

The FTSE 100 was down 22 points (0.4%) at 5,907 while the mid-cap FTSE 250 was down 161 points (0.9%) at 17,209.

The latter is weighed down by a negative reaction to the trading update from hot baked foods purveyor Greggs PLC (LON:GRG).

Disappointing all of those journalists looking to use the Greggs on a roll headline for the thousandth time, the shares fell 8.0% to 1,121p after the company said it is to start consultations with unions about job losses after completing a review of the business.

Susannah Street, an analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown, eschewed the on a roll clich and went with flaky sales instead.

Greggs had very flaky sales during August as warm temperatures put customers off its hot pastries and it was unable to benefit from the Eat Out to Help out scheme as seats werent available in its outlets, she noted.

September has seen its stores bringing home the bacon again though, as more people left home and popped in or picked up products using its click and collect service, which has been rolled out nationwide. Sales had crumbled earlier in the summer but over the four weeks to 26 September, like-for-like sales had recovered to 76.1% of the level the firm saw this time last year. Customers are being rewarded with the return of its celebrated Belgian bun as the firm brings back a broader range of its products, she added.

As time ticks down to tonights potentially crucial US presidential debate, US investors appear to be prepared to hope for the best.

Spread betting quotes suggest the Dow Jones index will open a modest 26 points firmer at 27,610 while the S&P 500 is expected to start 6 points to the good at 3,357.

The tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite is looking a bit more hale and hearty, with a 277 point gain to 11,395 in prospect.

The show-down between two ageing gunslingers is not the only political show in town, of course, following yesterdays proposal by the Democratic Party of a US$2.4tn stimulus package for the US economy.

Yesterday, we heard more positive tones from Democratic House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who said that she has spoken with US Treasury Mnuchin on another relief package and that she expects talks to continue. With the Democrats lowering their demands, she argues that it is the White House and the Republicans turn to follow suit by accepting a larger stimulus package, reported Danske bank.

While an agreement still seems at least somewhat down the road (the White House and Pelosi are still around USD1,000bn apart), risk sentiment got a boost yesterday afternoon from Pelosi's comments. As we argued in yesterday's morning comment, if the two parties can agree on more fiscal stimulus, it may be the trigger for shifting the recent risk headwind to tailwind, the Nordic investment bank said.

Also on the agenda today are speeches by Federal Reserve policy-makers, Messrs Williams, Harker and Quarles.

Palantir, the data analytics company, is set to float today and is expected to be valued at around US$20 billion.

For the day ahead, Ill be watching out for the Palantir IPO, Micron Technologies earnings and the first presidential debate between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, revealed LCGs Jasper Lawler.

Really Palantir (ticker PLTR) will be a direct listing not a proper IPO. The listing is expected to value Peter Thiels company at over US$20 billion but as is often the case with tech companies when raising money - it is still unprofitable, Lawler noted.

In Lonon, the FTSE 100 was down 17 points (0.3%) at 5,911 after the European Commissions Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI) for the UK climbed to 83.0 in September from 75.1 in August.

A value of 100 represents the average value of the index between 1990 and 2019.

The big increase in the ESI in September is an encouraging sign that the recovery hasnt ground to a complete halt, though the shortfall in demand relative to its pre-COVID level still seems to be bigger in the UK than in the rest of Europe. Indeed, the UKs ESI still was substantially below the Eurozones, 90.2, in September,2 observed Samuel Tombs, the chief UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics.

The Footsie remains in the doldrums, not least because some of yesterdays big gainers Asia-focused banks have come back down to earth today.

The FTSE 100 was down 26 points (0.5%) at 5,901, with the retreat led by SA (), down 3.4% at 91.24p. The British Airways owner has taken up a semi-permanent residence in the Footsies cellar, as has another stock intrinsically tied up with air travel, (), which is down 3.2% at 144.5p.

Banking titan Holdings PLC () has given up 9.9p of yesterdays gains and is down 3.2% at 298.65p. The stock was bid up yesterday after Chinese insurance giant Ping An upped its stake.

Sector peer () rose yesterday in sympathy with HSBC but is off 2.7% at 352.3p this morning.

The top riser in London was Canadian Overseas Petroleum Ltd (), up 26% at 0.295p, after its board approved the granting of 341.6mln share options effective September 14, 2020.

The options can be exercised at a price of 0.35p so a bit of a way to go yet and some market observers have suggested other reasons may be behind todays rise.

Londons investors are exhibiting signs of apprehension ahead of tonights face-off between the two septuagenarian US presidential candidates.

The FTSE 100 was down 37 points (0.6%) at 5,891.

Its all going to kick off later tonight, as the first US presidential debate takes place in Cleveland. The fun starts at 9pm US Eastern time and will last one and a half hours, said Neil Wilson of markets.com.

No indication from Neil or anyone else whether there will be a break in the debate for cocoa.

Trump won in Ohio, a typical battleground rust belt state, by eight points last time around but it is leaning towards Biden in 2020, according to the polls but we know polls only tell a portion of the story its in the battlegrounds where it counts, Wilson said.

Cut-price retailer () defied the weaker trend after it said it had maintained strong trading momentum in the current quarter.

The shares were up 4.4% at 512p after the company said like-for-like sales were up 19.2% in the quarter.

The group is one of the market leaders in a structurally growing discounter market, and should outperform in a recessionary environment, suggested Amisha Chohan, an equity research analyst at Quilter Cheviot.

The retailer is also winning market share and has attracted a new, middle class, customer base - who are beginning to shop with them regularly. We believe B&M will continue to outperform peers as consumers become much more money conscious, the analyst added.

The FTSE 100 made a quiet start ahead of key data including the s credit reading and monthly mortgage approvals.

Trade negotiations between the UK and EU are heading into a decisive phase, though nobody is talking about a quick resolution to the impasse over the internal markets bill.

The excitement after hours will come from the US where incumbent Donald Trump goes head to head with the early poll leader, Joe Biden, in the first of the 2020 campaigns televised presidential election debates.

On the market, Ferguson (), a UK plumbing and heating specialist, was an early winner, rising 5.7% after better-than-expected full-year results.

The actions taken at the height of the pandemic mirrored what was being done in many global boardrooms, said Richard Hunter, head of markets at Interactive Investor.

The interim dividend and share buyback programme were suspended, as was the M&A programme and there was tight control on capital expenditure.

This had the effect of freeing up additional capital when it was most needed, and having come out of the other side the company is now reaping the benefit of those temporary actions.

On the FTSE 250, Greggs () delivered what one commentator referred to as a flaky performance after the bakery chain said trading would remain below normal levels for the foreseeable future. The shares shed 4%.

A former tiddler that is now worth north of half a billion pounds, Novacyt () spiked a further 20% in early deals after it was announced the healthcare company had launched its COVID-19 antibody test.

() has inked an agreement that will make available to patients an experimental drug that has shown early promise tackling the worst symptoms of the COVID-19.

() plans to pay a special dividend to shareholders once its mooted joint venture deal with Turkish conglomerate zaltin goes through.

() said its technology division has been awarded a contract to replace and maintain security screening equipment at the Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament.

(),the brain imaging analytics specialist, has received a 2mln extension to a contract from a 'top-20' pharma client to provide additional imaging services for a pivotal Huntington's disease (HD) study.

CentralNic Group PLC () said the conditions of its acquisition of Zeropark and Voluum, collectively known as Codewise, have been satisfied or waived, and as such, the deal is now unconditional and shall become effective at the end of October.

Ncondezi Energy Limited () said it has submitted a historical cost audit report to China Machinery Engineering Corporation (CMEC) for its Ncondezi integrated 300 megawatt (MW) power project in Tete, Mozambique. In a separate announcement covering its results for the six months ended June 30, Ncondezi reported a loss for the period of US$1.21mln, narrowed from US$1.26mln in the previous year, while it ended the first half with cash of US$592,000.

() has completed an assessment of the Monte Aymond gas project, part of the Santa Cruz Sur assets, which is now seen as anexciting commercial project.

PLC () has initiated exploration at the Kalahari Copper Belt joint venture with ().

() has raised gross proceeds of 400mln cash from a share issue to reduce gearing and progressprojects in its pipeline.

() has increased its stake in Incanthera PLC () as the developer of an innovative sun cream raised 350,000 in a share subscription.

Shares in () surged on the back of interims that revealed record revenue and underlying earnings (EBITDA) for the iodine extractor. Revenue in the six months to the end of June rose 8% to US$15.74mln from US$14.53mln in the corresponding period of 2019 while EBITDA jumped 50% to US$2.95mln from US$1.97mln.

() has unveiled an expanded contract with one of its current customers, a large telco firm, and said it has had a good start to the second half.

Zanaga Iron Ore Company Ltd () said the recent rise in the price of iron ore has made its project in the Republic of Congo even more attractive. Work is running within the 2020 budget forecast, it added, while cash reserves at 28 September were US$0.5mln.

() highlighted a strong cash position and significant progress towards the development of the Greater Buchan Area (GBA) project as it reported on the first half of 2020.

Chariot Oil & Gas Limited () acting chief executive Adonis Pouroulis highlighted an exciting phase in its evolution, as the company released its interim results.

() has highlighted a transformative six months in the first half of its current years as it achieved first commercial revenues from engineering services on its Protos project.

() is confident of modestly exceeding market expectations for the year after a solid first half.

Ironridge Resources returned a loss before tax of A$6.4mln during the year to 30 June 2020. At the year end, the company had A$7.3mln in the bank, enough to carry it through significant work programmes on its gold and lithium assets in West Africa, especially since its also running a drill-for-equity programme with GeoDrill.

() generated revenue of just over 1mln during the six months to June 2020, as operations at its Uis mine in Namibia continued to gain momentum after the recent start-up. The loss before tax was also just over 1mln.

Crop protection, animal health specialist () is confident it can capitalise on the market opportunity for biopesticides following its fundraising in March, while the first half of 2020 saw the company make progress with its new insecticide products and pursue other key opportunities in its pipeline.

() turned in an operating loss of US$400,000 in the six months to June. As at 30 June 2020, the company had US$700,000 in the bank.

() is appointing a new independent director with a 35-year track record of commercialising disruptive med-tech.

The FTSE 100 is poised for a quiet start on Tuesday ahead of another potentially important day for Brexit talks.

Londons blue-chip benchmark has been tipped to gain two points after the opening bell, a day afteradding just over 85 points or 1.5% to finish at almost 5,928.

Overnight, Wall Street got off to an early lead and kicked it about until the final whistle.

The Dow Jones closed up410 points or1.5% higher at 27,584.06, while the S&P 500 climbed 1.6% and the Nasdaq Composite fizzed up 1.9%.

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FTSE 100 on the back foot as market waits for presidential debate sponsored by Saga - Proactive Investors UK

FOX Business' Charles Payne and Nicholas Wealth Management David Nicholas answer a FOX Business viewer's question of whether to take this year's profits now and then jump back into the market once the election is over. They continue to answer other retirement investing questions on 401(k)s and dividend stocks.

The 4% rule answers a question every retirement investor asks at some point: How much can I afford to withdraw each year from my savings, so that I don't run out of money? While it's great for planning to have an easy answer, there's one big problem: The 4% rule may need to retire before you do.

3 THINGS TO DO IMMEDIATELY IF YOU HAVE NO RETIREMENT SAVINGS

A financial advisor named William Bengen first published the4% rulein the 1990s. He identified his now-famous safe withdrawal rate after running multiple scenarios against the actual financial market returns and inflation rates between 1926 and 1992. His analysis led to a surprisingly simple conclusion. Even through history's worst crashes and economic downturns, portfolios containing 50% equities and50% bonds did not run out of money for 30 years or more when withdrawals were capped at 4% with annual adjustments for inflation. Since Bengen's initial analysis, othershave replicated his work with more-current data to verify that the rule still holds up.

So, what's the problem? Although the 4% rule may hold its weight on paper currently, the future's likely to bring conditions that haven't been baked into the analysis. One concern is the timeline. People are living longer, and 30 years of solvency may not be enough. To be fair, life spans would have to get a lot longer to break the 4% rule on their own. In many of Bengen's scenarios, the portfolios actually had a higher balance after 30 years thanat retirement.

But there is another issue: The 4% rule assumes future market conditions will be no more extreme than historic ones. The downturns covered in Bengen's analysis did include the Great Depression and the 1973-1974 stock market crash, which admittedly were pretty extreme. Even so, given how 2020 has played out thus far, it doesn't seem wise to assume we won't set new records sometime down the road.

RETIRING SOON? ANSWER THESE 3 QUESTIONS TO DECIDE WHETHER TO RELOCATE

This year has already produced historicallylow bond yields, which fall outside Bengen's analysis. That alone is significant, given that he initially assumed a portfolio with 50% bonds. Plus, 2020 has also delivered some historically significant moves in the equities market. The coronavirus-fueled sell-off in March was the fastest 30% drop in history. As well, the single-day dip on March 16 was theS&P 500'sthird-largest single-day percentage drop in history.

It's these never-before-seen market conditions along with longer life spans that threaten to break the 4% rule.

Unfortunately, when it comes toretirement planning, you have to address the worst-case scenario. It's not enough to be 90% sure you won't run out of money in retirement; you have to be 100% sure. And that level of confidence requires very conservative planning. In today's world, the 4% withdrawal rate may not be conservative enough.

43% OF AMERICANS PLAN TO DELAY RETIREMENT DUE TO COVID-19

Mathematically, lowering the withdrawal-rate assumption in your retirement plan means you have to save more before retirement or spend less after retirement. And the change can be significant. The table below shows how your target savings balance varies based on 3%, 3.5%, and 4% withdrawal rates, as well as how much income you need from the retirement account in your first year.

As you can see, if you plan to take $40,000 from your retirement savings in the first year, changing the withdrawal rate from 4% to 3% raises your starter-savings needs by more than $300,000. If you want to pull six figures annually from your savings in retirement, you may have to save an additional $830,000.

If you don't want to increase your savings target, you can hope for the best (not recommended as your entire strategy) or plan for a more subdued lifestyle later. If you're on track to save $2.5 million, for example, the percentage-point-lower withdrawal rate lowers your income from $100,000 to $75,000 in that first year.

Over the past 25 years, the 4% rule has helped many retirement investors plan their savings goals and manage their account withdrawals. But as people live longer and the markets outdo historic extremes, a 4% withdrawal rate will be less reliable. Now's the time to think through what your retirement plan looks like with a 3% or 3.5% withdrawal rate instead -- so you have the time to adjust your savings plan as needed.

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Retirement investors: Why it's time to stop using the 4% rule - Fox Business

The Internal Revenue Service has issued final regulations that update the federal income tax withholding rules for certain periodic retirement and annuity payments made after Dec. 31.

In July, the IRS released a draft of a redesigned 2021 Form W-4P and instructions intended to align with the redesigned W-4. The draft W-4P also proposed a new default rate of withholding on periodic payments that begin after Dec. 31, 2020. Based on comments received on the draft, the IRS will postpone issuance of the redesigned form. Instead, the 2021 Form W-4P will be similar to the 2020 Form W-4P.

The IRS also intends to provide in the instructions to the 2021 Form W-4P and related publications that the default rate of withholding on periodic payments will continue to be determined by treating the taxpayer as a married individual claiming three withholding allowances.

Tax reform provided that the rate of withholding on periodic payments when no withholding certificate is in effect (the default rate of withholding) would be determined under rules prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. Prior to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, if no withholding certificate was in effect for a taxpayers periodic payments, the withholding from the payments was determined by treating the taxpayer as a married individual claiming three exemptions.

The final regulation issued provides guidance for 2021 and future calendar years and specifies that the Treasury and the IRS will provide the rules and procedures for determining the default rate of withholding on periodic payments.

Link:
Regs on retirement-payment withholding updated - Accounting Today