This article has been reviewed according to ScienceX's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

fact-checked

peer-reviewed publication

trusted source

proofread

close

In a new paper in Science Advances, researchers at JPMorgan Chase, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory and Quantinuum have demonstrated clear evidence of a quantum algorithmic speedup for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA).

This algorithm has been studied extensively and has been implemented on many quantum computers. It has potential applications in fields such as logistics, telecommunications, financial modeling and materials science.

"This work is a significant step towards reaching quantum advantage, laying the foundation for future impact in production," said Marco Pistoia, head of Global Technology Applied Research at JPMorgan Chase.

The team examined whether a quantum algorithm with low implementation costs could provide a quantum speedup over the best-known classical methods. QAOA was applied to the Low Autocorrelation Binary Sequences problem, which has significance in understanding the behavior of physical systems, signal processing and cryptography. The study showed that if the algorithm was asked to tackle increasingly larger problems, the time it would take to solve them would grow at a slower rate than that of a classical solver.

To explore the quantum algorithm's performance in an ideal noiseless setting, JPMorgan Chase and Argonne jointly developed a simulator to evaluate the algorithm's performance at scale.

"The large-scale quantum circuit simulations efficiently utilized the DOE petascale supercomputer Polaris located at the ALCF. These results show how high performance computing can complement and advance the field of quantum information science," said Yuri Alexeev, a computational scientist at Argonne. Jeffrey Larson, a computational mathematician in Argonne's Mathematics and Computer Science Division, also contributed to this research.

To take the first step toward practical realization of the speedup in the algorithm, the researchers demonstrated a small-scale implementation on Quantinuum's System Model H1 and H2 trapped-ion quantum computers. Using algorithm-specific error detection, the team reduced the impact of errors on algorithmic performance by up to 65%.

"Our long-standing partnership with JPMorgan Chase led to this meaningful and noteworthy three-way research experiment that also brought in Argonne. The results could not have been achieved without the unprecedented and world-leading quality of our H-Series Quantum Computer, which provides a flexible device for executing error-correcting and error-detecting experiments on top of gate fidelities that are years ahead of other quantum computers," said Ilyas Khan, founder and chief product officer of Quantinuum.

More information: Ruslan Shaydulin et al, Evidence of scaling advantage for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm on a classically intractable problem, Science Advances (2024). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm6761

Journal information: Science Advances

See the original post here:

Research team shows theoretical quantum speedup with the quantum approximate optimization algorithm - Phys.org

NEW YORK, NY; BROOMFIELD, CO; LEMONT, IL; MAY 29, 2024 - In a new paper in Science Advances on May 29, researchers at JPMorgan Chase, the U.S. Department of Energys (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory and Quantinuum have demonstrated clear evidence of a quantum algorithmic speedup for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA).

This algorithm has been studied extensively and has been implemented on many quantum computers. It has potential applications in fields such as logistics, telecommunications, financial modeling, and materials science.

This work is a significant step towards reaching quantum advantage, laying the foundation for future impact in production, says Marco Pistoia, Head of Global Technology Applied Research at JPMorgan Chase.

The team examined whether a quantum algorithm with low implementation costs could provide a quantum speedup over the best-known classical methods. QAOA was applied to the Low Autocorrelation Binary Sequences (LABS) problem, which has significance in understanding the behavior of physical systems, signal processing and cryptography. The study showed that if the algorithm was asked to tackle increasingly larger problems, the time it would take to solve them would grow at a slower rate than that of a classical solver.

To explore the quantum algorithms performance in an ideal noiseless setting, JPMorgan Chase and Argonne jointly developed a simulator to evaluate the algorithms performance at scale. It was built on the Polaris supercomputer, accessed through the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), a DOE Office of Science user facility.The ALCF is supported by DOEs Advanced Scientific Computing Research program.

The large-scale quantum circuit simulations efficiently utilized the DOE petascale supercomputer Polaris located at the ALCF. These results show how high-performance computing can complement and advance the field of quantum information science, says Yuri Alexeev, a computational scientist at Argonne.

To take the first step toward practical realization of the speedup in the algorithm, the researchers demonstrated a small-scale implementation on Quantinuums System Model H1 and H2 trapped-ion quantum computers. Using algorithm-specific error detection, the team reduced the impact of errors on algorithmic performance by up to 65%.

Our long-standing partnership with JPMorgan Chase led to this meaningful and noteworthy three-way research experiment that also brought in Argonne National Lab. The results could not have been achieved without the unprecedented and world leading quality of our H-Series Quantum Computer, which provides a flexible device for executing error-correcting and error-detecting experiments on top of gate fidelities that are years ahead of other quantum computers, says Ilyas Khan, Founder and Chief Product Officer of Quantinuum.

Read the full research paperhere.

About JPMorgan Chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) is a leading financial services firm based in the United States of America (U.S.), with operations worldwide. JPMorgan Chase had $4.1 trillion in assets and $337 billion in stockholders equity as of March 31, 2024. With over 63,000 technologists globally and an annual tech spend of $17 billion, JPMorgan Chase is dedicated to improving the design, analytics, development, coding, testing and application programming that goes into creating high quality software and new products. Under the J.P.Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers in the U.S., and many of the worlds most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients globally. Visit http://www.jpmorganchase.com/tech for more information.

About Argonne National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory seeks solutions to pressing national problems in science and technology by conducting leading-edge basic and applied research in virtually every scientific discipline. Argonne is managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energys Office of Science.

About Quantinuum Quantinuum,the worlds largest integrated quantum company, pioneers powerful quantum computers and advanced software solutions. Quantinuums technology drives breakthroughs in materials discovery, cybersecurity, and next-gen quantum AI. With almost 500 employees, including 370+ scientists and engineers, Quantinuum leads the quantum computing revolution across continents.

Quantinuum recently closed an equity fundraise anchored by JPMorgan Chase with additional participation from Mitsui & CO., Amgen and Honeywell, which remains the companys majority shareholder, bringing the total capital raised by Quantinuum since inception to approximately $625 million.

The Honeywell trademark is used under license from Honeywell International Inc. Honeywell makes no representations or warranties with respect to this service.

View post:

JPMorgan Chase, Argonne National Laboratory and Quantinuum Show Theoretical Quantum Speedup with the ... - JP Morgan

NXP Semiconductors N.V., eleQtron, and ParityQC, part of the QSea consortium of the DLR Quantum Computing Initiative (DLR QCI), have revealed the first full-stack, 10 qubit, ion-trap based quantum computer demonstrator made entirely in Germany. The quantum computer demonstrator is located in Hamburg, reinforcing the citys role as a significant technology and research hub in Germany. It will enable early access to real quantum computing resources, allowing companies and research teams to leverage quantum computing advantages in applications such as climate modeling, global logistics, and materials sciences.

The QSea I demonstrator combines eleQtrons MAGIC hardware, ParityQC architecture, and NXPs chip design and technology, complemented by a digital twin. The next phase of the QSea project will focus on making the quantum computer increasingly powerful and industry-ready. The demonstrator is set up at the DLR QCI Innovation Center in Hamburg and will be available to industry partners and DLR research teams. This collaboration aims to foster an advanced quantum computing ecosystem in Germany and support digital sovereignty efforts in critical technology areas.

A press release announcing the delivery of this computer has been posted on the parityQC website here. In addition, a blog has been posted here on the DLR QCI website that provides further details about this first project QSea I as well as a follow-on project called QSea II that will create a modular, scalable quantum computer based on multiple ion trap chips connected together.

June 1, 2024

See original here:

NXP, eleQtron, and ParityQC Deliver a 10 Qubit, Full-Stack Ion-Trap Based Quantum Computer Demonstrator to the DLR Quantum Computing Initiative -...

Researchers from Cleveland Clinic and IBM recently published findings in the Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation that could lay the groundwork for applying quantum computing methods to protein structure prediction. This publication is the first peer-reviewed quantum computing paper from the Cleveland Clinic-IBM Discovery Accelerator partnership.

For decades, researchers have leveraged computational approaches to predict protein structures. A protein folds itself into a structure that determines how it functions and binds to other molecules in the body. These structures determine many aspects of human health and disease.

By accurately predicting the structure of a protein, researchers can better understand how diseases spread and thus how to develop effective therapies. Cleveland Clinic postdoctoral fellow Bryan Raubenolt, Ph.D., and IBM researcher Hakan Doga, Ph.D., spearheaded a team to discover how quantum computing can improve current methods.

In recent years, machine learning techniques have made significant progress in protein structure prediction. These methods are reliant on training data (a database of experimentally determined protein structures) to make predictions. This means that they are constrained by how many proteins they have been taught to recognize. This can lead to lower levels of accuracy when the programs/algorithms encounter a protein that is mutated or very different from those on which they were trained, which is common with genetic disorders.

The alternative method is to simulate the physics of protein folding. Simulations allow researchers to look at a given proteins various possible shapes and find the most stable one. The most stable shape is critical for drug design.

The challenge is that these simulations are nearly impossible on a classical computer, beyond a certain protein size. In a way, increasing the size of the target protein is comparable to increasing the dimensions of a Rubik's cube. For a small protein with 100 amino acids, a classical computer would need the time equal to the age of the universe to exhaustively search all the possible outcomes, says Dr. Raubenolt.

To help overcome these limitations, the research team applied a mix of quantum and classical computing methods. This framework could allow quantum algorithms to address the areas that are challenging for state-of-the-art classical computing, including protein size, intrinsic disorder, mutations and the physics involved in proteins folding. The framework was validated by accurately predicting the folding of a small fragment of a Zika virus protein on a quantum computer, compared to state-of-the-art classical methods.

The quantum-classical hybrid framework's initial results outperformed both a classical physics-based method and AlphaFold2. Although the latter is designed to work best with larger proteins, it nonetheless demonstrates this framework's ability to create accurate models without directly relying on substantial training data.

The researchers used a quantum algorithm to first model the lowest energy conformation for the fragments backbone, which is typically the most computationally demanding step of the calculation. Classical approaches were then used to convert the results obtained from the quantum computer, reconstruct the protein with its sidechains, and perform final refinement of the structure with classical molecular mechanics force fields. The project shows one of the ways that problems can be deconstructed into parts, with quantum computing methods addressing some parts and classical computing others, for increased accuracy.

Multidisciplinary collaboration was essential to achieve this framework.

One of the most unique things about this project is the number of disciplines involved, says Dr. Raubenolt. Our teams expertise ranges from computational biology and chemistry, structural biology, software and automation engineering, to experimental atomic and nuclear physics, mathematics, and of course quantum computing and algorithm design. It took the knowledge from each of these areas to create a computational framework that can mimic one of the most important processes for human life.

The teams combination of classical and quantum computing methods is an essential step for advancing our understanding of protein structures, and how they impact our ability to treat and prevent disease. The team plans to continue developing and optimizing quantum algorithms that can predict the structure of larger and more sophisticated proteins.

This work is an important step forward in exploring where quantum computing capabilities could show strengths in protein structure prediction, says Dr. Doga. Our goal is to design quantum algorithms that can find how to predict protein structures as realistically as possible.

The rest is here:

Clinic, IBM apply quantum computing to protein research - Cleveland Clinic Newsroom

Insider Brief

PRESS RELEASE NXP Semiconductors N.V., eleQtron and ParityQC, working together in the QSea consortium of the DLR Quantum Computing Initiative (DLR QCI), revealed the first full-stack, ion-trap based quantum computer demonstrator made entirely in Germany. It will enable early access to real quantum computing resources and thus help companies and research teams leverage the advantages of quantum computing in applications such as climate modeling, global logistics and materials sciences. The new quantum computer demonstrator is located in Hamburg, further strengthening the citys role as an important technology and research location in Germany.

A broader understanding of the capabilities of quantum computing is required for this technology to be effective in solving complex challenges. The DLR QCI aims to build the necessary skills by creating a quantum computing ecosystem in which economy, industry and science cooperate closely to fully leverage the potential of this groundbreaking technology.

Quantum computers, with their exceptional computing power, will tackle complex problems crucial for societal advancement, such as weather modeling, medication development, and logistics optimization, and are expected to change the cybersecurity landscape. Despite the rapid evolution of quantum computers over the past years, the path towards industrialization remains challenging, as the industry lacks respective competencies.

NXP, eleQtron and ParityQC bring together leading knowledge of quantum computing, software and long-standing industry expertise to develop and build the first ion-trap based quantum computer demonstrator made entirely in Germany. It combines eleQtrons MAGIC hardware, ParityQC architecture and NXPs chip design and technology, and is complemented by a digital twin. This will allow for rapid innovation, design decisions and implementation, as the QSea I demonstrator will evolve to a quantum computer including a modular architecture, scalable design and error correction capabilities. The forthcoming phase of the QSea project will therefore focus on making the quantum computer increasingly powerful and industry-ready.

The demonstrator is set up at the DLR QCI Innovation Center in Hamburg and will be made available to industry partners and DLR research teams by the DLR QCI. With this collaboration, the three partners and the DLR QCI aim to foster and strengthen the development of an advanced quantum computing ecosystem in Germany. This will also support the strategic efforts of Germany and the European Union to strengthen digital sovereignty in this critical technology area.

Quotes

Lars Reger, CTO at NXP Semiconductors: Hamburg is one of our most important R&D locations. We are proud that, together with DLR and our partners eleQtron and ParityQC, we are able to present the first ion-trap based quantum computer demonstrator developed entirely in Germany. We are convinced that industry and research communities in Hamburg and throughout Germany will benefit from this project. It will help to build up and expand important expertise in quantum computing, to use it for the economic benefit of us all, and also to further strengthen our digital sovereignty in Germany and the EU.

Jan Leisse, Co-Founder & CEO at eleQtron: We at eleQtron believe that quantum computing will change our world for the better. The DLR Quantum Computing Initiative has the potential to become something truly great, and our pioneering MAGIC-based quantum computer lays the foundation for a vibrant ecosystem. As Germanys first quantum computing hardware company, we are proud to bring research excellence into the real world.

Dr.-Ing. Robert Axmann, Head of DLR Quantum Computing Initiative (DLR QCI): To achieve a leading international position in quantum computing, we need a strong quantum computing ecosystem. Only together will research, industry and start-ups overcome the major technological challenges and successfully bring quantum computers into application. The QSea I demonstrator is an important step for the DLR Quantum Computing Initiative and for Hamburg. It enables partners from industry and research to run quantum algorithms on real ion trap qubits in a real production environment for the first time. This hands-on experience will enable them to leverage the advantages of quantum computers and become part of a strong and sovereign quantum computing ecosystem in Germany and Europe.

Wolfgang Lechner & Magdalena Hauser, Co-CEOs at ParityQC: With the purchase of quantum computers by the DLR QCI, financed by the BMWK, Germany is consolidating its leading role in quantum computing. This is a critical pathway towards the successful commercialization of world-leading research and the creation of a sustainable quantum ecosystem that allows companies to scale and stay in Europe. As a quantum architecture company, we enable hardware developers to build highly scalable quantum computers and we are proud to be able to do this with our excellent partners in this consortium.

View original post here:

NXP, eleQtron and ParityQC Reveal First Quantum Computing Demonstrator For The DLR Quantum Computing Initiative - The Quantum Insider

Let's explore the high-stakes world of quantum computing. These three companies could change the future of computing, each in its own unique way.

Quantum computing may be the next big thing, and lots of people are talking about it. The potential to revolutionize industries from pharmaceuticals to finance has investors keeping a close eye on key players in this space.

But which companies are leading the charge?

To answer this critical question, a trio of Fool.com contributors with decades of high-tech analysis experience put their heads together and came up with three promising quantum computing stocks. Nvidia (NVDA -0.79%), IonQ (IONQ -2.98%), and D-Wave Quantum (QBTS -1.46%) offer very different approaches to the quantum market, but all three could make you a lot of money over the long haul.

So grab a coffee, sit back, and find out why these quantum computing stocks could be your next big investment.

Nicholas Rossolillo (Nvidia): I recently wrote a couple of articles about quantum computing and some breakthroughs happening in the nascent industry -- although "industry" is a bit generous. Quantum computing is more of a research and development initiative, not a full-blown industry.

Nevertheless, companies like Microsoftand start-up Quantinuum (majority-owned by Honeywell) have achieved incremental gains in quantum compute usefulness by pairing their quantum computers with classical computers. Why?

For one thing, the quantum mechanical measurements ("spooky" effects at the atomic level and smaller) are highly sensitive and prone to error. A tried-and-true classical computer can help correct those errors.

Thus, there may be no better classical computer right now than Nvidia's accelerated compute platform, powered by its GPUs and full stack of software libraries and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. In early spring 2023, Nvidia said it released a quantum computer control unit powered by its chips. And more recently, the company said multiple research supercomputers around the world have expanded their capabilities using Nvidia's CUDA-Q platform of GPUs and hybrid classical-quantum software algorithms.

And of course, Nvidia's latest Blackwell platform represents another exponential speed up in classical computing power. Researchers are already lining up for Blackwell to fuel their development of quantum, a potential "next big thing" at some point in the future.

To be clear, Nvidia's wild growth in the last year isn't because of quantum computing. This is but one of many applications developers are hard at work on, thanks to Nvidia GPUs. However, when trying to figure out a best place to invest today in the nascent quantum R&D initiative, Nvidia may be the simplest stock for most investors looking toward the future of the computing sector.

Whether quantum computers become a mainstream reality or not may actually largely depend on the pioneer of computing power today. I'm happy to keep holding my Nvidia shares, for quantum development and a lot of other tech breakthroughs too.

Billy Duberstein (IonQ): Quantum computing may seem like a speculative pie-in-the-sky bet. But quantum leader IonQ is actually making highly practical, tangible progress toward deploying quantum computing in real-world settings.

This has come down to the company's deliberate choices, such as deciding to use the mature technology of trapped ion qubits as the backbone of its current systems. While synthetically made qubits or alternatives may ultimately be faster or superior far down the road, these other technologies require temperatures near absolute zero to deploy, and have challenges that may not be overcome for years. On the other hand, atomic qubits can be deployed at room temperature and can run for longer periods of time.

The choice allows IonQ to sell systems to customers such as the U.S. Air Force Research Lab and QuantumBasel in Europe. Thus, the company generates revenue, and its adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) loss last quarter of $20.7 million seems manageable, given the company's cash pile of over $434 million.

Moreover, the company appears to be executing at a high level for the state of the business. Last quarter, even though the company only generated $7.6 million in revenue, IonQ beat its own revenue guidance, as it was able to recognize more revenue from a contract that was based on the completion of project milestones. And the company boosted its 2024 bookings guidance to a range of $75 million to $95 million, up from guidance of $70 million to $90 million one quarter ago.

This comes on the back of several technical achievements made earlier this year. These include reaching a working #AQ 35 system a year earlier than forecast in January, as well as achieving "ion-photon entanglements" in February, a technological achievement that will allow quantum systems to communicate with each other and scale quantum networks.

And the company also continues to attract top talent. In March, quantum algorithm expert Martin Roetteler joined IonQ from Microsoft and will head the company's efforts to develop real-world applications to run on IonQ's quantum computers. On the recent conference call with analysts, management noted its teams are making "serious headway" in advancing real-world quantum software applications.

I think IonQ's pragmatic and iterative approach is a good one, so that if quantum technology does manage to take off in the years ahead, it will likely be leading the pack.

Anders Bylund (D-Wave): I'm going way out on a limb here: D-Wave Quantum is about as risky as you can get in the quantum computing industry. It's a bona fide penny stock and barely large enough to talk about, with a market cap of just $200 million. The company is deeply unprofitable and its revenues skimpy, to the tune of merely $9.6 million over the last year.

So let's get real -- D-Wave is not a classic value investmentand too hot to touch for most growth investors, too. It's a speculative bet on the far future of quantum computing, and many things can go wrong along the way. Please keep your D-Wave investment small for now. If the company runs out of cash and goes out of business, make sure it doesn't hurt you.

But I'm talking about an established leader in the quantum computing sector here. It has produced actual systems with thousands of qubits. Its quantum software and consulting services are available on the Amazon Web Services Marketplace. And above all else, D-Wave holds hundreds of quantum computing patents and citations, second only to IBM in both cases.

D-Wave seems to be leaning away from the costly systems-building business for the moment. Instead, the company is focusing on monetizing its treasure trove of technology patents.

So maybe IonQ, IBM, or Nvidia will rule the world in terms of quantum computing hardware sales. Perhaps I haven't even heard of the sector's biggest long-term winner yet. But D-Wave looks poised to ride the coattails of whoever the final king might be, providing patent licenses and consulting services to unlock the full power of next-generation computers. These services should be in high demand in a few years.

And starting from this barely-there stock market footprint, D-Wave could be worth the risk. A small investment in this intriguing and incredibly low-priced stock may pay off handsomely as the quantum industry evolves.

John Mackey, former CEO of Whole Foods Market, an Amazon subsidiary, is a member of The Motley Fools board of directors. Anders Bylund has positions in Amazon, International Business Machines, and Nvidia. Billy Duberstein has positions in Amazon, IonQ, and Microsoft. Nicholas Rossolillo has positions in Amazon and Nvidia. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Amazon, Microsoft, and Nvidia. The Motley Fool recommends International Business Machines and recommends the following options: long January 2026 $395 calls on Microsoft and short January 2026 $405 calls on Microsoft. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

Read more:

Why These 3 Quantum Computing Stocks Are Worth the Risk - The Motley Fool

(TNS) Gov. Jared Polis signed new legislation at the University of Colorado Boulder on Tuesday to further support the quantum industry in Colorado.

The new tax credit bill, which aims to strengthen the quantum industry in the state, was signed at CU Boulder's JILA Research Institute. JILA is a joint institute between CU Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. JILA, which stood for Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics when it began in 1962, has expanded into a world-renowned and award-winning physics institute delving into cutting-edge research including quantum information science & technology.

"This bill will support the construction of a state-of-the-art quantum technology incubator, a facility that is poised to be unique in the world, and that will set our state apart," Massimo Ruzzene, CU Boulder vice chancellor for research and innovation, said in a statement. "It will foster the translation of technology and catalyze innovation, expanding educational and workforce opportunities while also creating jobs and economic benefits for all of Colorado."

In 2023, Colorado was designated as a Regional Technology and Innovation Hub, a designation that positions Colorado to apply for and secure federal funding opportunities to advance the industry.

"Quantum technology is the future of computing," Polis said in a release. "Today we proved that quantum is bigger and better in the West. As home to four Nobel Prize winners for quantum science, more than 3,000 quantum workers, and five of the top 20 quantum companies, Colorado is the clear future of quantum. I am thrilled to invest in this innovative sector and am excited for the bright quantum future in Colorado."

See the original post:

Colorado Bill Aims to Strengthen Quantum in the State - Government Technology

Quantum is a strategic technology domain with multifaceted implications. Quantum computing offers promising applications in healthcare, environmental conservation, and artificial intelligence (AI)extending the boundaries of digital computing beyond current limitations. While quantum and post-quantum cryptography represent more established fields with existing economic players and commercial solutions, the standardization of post-quantum cryptography remains incomplete, albeit with fewer scientific and engineering unknowns compared to scalable quantum computing.

Beyond quantum computing, quantum cryptography has the potential to revolutionize encryption, but it poses implications for state sovereigntyparticularly safeguarding sensitive communications. In sensing applications, quantum exists as a real market but is still limited to niche applications. And compared to cryptography and sensing, the maturity of quantum computing is lagging. The feasibility of commercially viable quantum computers remains uncertain, both in the near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) and the long-term fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) regimes.

Quantum technologies continue to be an active R&D and engineering topic for overcoming technological hurdles such as qubit noise, quantum error correction, scalability, and maintaining qubit quality. These uncertainties pose issues that still make for difficult economic and market forecasts. So the possibility of a quantum winter remains possible if NISQ systems fail to demonstrate tangible business value. This could potentially slow down investments across the quantum technology ecosystemaffecting public and private funding.

But, at Yole Group, we still believe quantum technologies and specialty computing will lead to an important market value in the medium and long term. In our Quantum Technologies 2024 report, we estimate the total quantum market value will be US$1.832 million in 2029, with US$617 million for sensing (see Fig. 1).1

Beyond 2030, we expect quantum computing will dominate. In fact, the quantum computing market will total US$3.736 million in 2035 (both hardware and service). Quantum as a service (QaaS) will hold the major share of this value, with most of the services running on quantum computers in the cloud. It will grow much faster than QC hardware (computers).

Qubits, the fundamental units of quantum computing, come in various forms. The most developed approaches include atoms such as trapped ions (IonQ, Quantinuum, AQT), cold atoms (Pasqal, Infleqtion, Atom Computing) such as rubidium, cesium, and nuclear magnetic resonance (although the latter is less favored for quantum computing; only one company in China sells this type, and its for educational purposes), superconductors, and photons. Electrons are also used, particularly in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, but with limited industrial players (Quantum Brilliance). Flying qubits, such as photon qubits (and flying electrons), provide alternative approaches to traditional qubits, with vendors such as PsiQuantum, Quandela, and Xanadu leading in photon qubits.

A quantum computer is based on these different types of physical qubits of a different nature, with each possessing advantages and disadvantages. Most efforts today focus on superconducting qubits, with challengers such as electron spin qubits, NV centers, cold atoms, trapped ions, and photons. No approach is ideal today, and future systems may combine several of them.

Qubits are the technological brick base for quantum computers, which come in different forms. Quantum emulators, used across a spectrum of computing devices from (non-quantum) laptops to supercomputers, execute quantum algorithms via large vector and matrix computationsproviding a means to test such algorithms without quantum computers.

Quantum annealing computers use an adiabatic property, with a set of qubits connected based on specific topologies (like Pegasus or Zephyr by D-Wave), initialized in the ground state of the Hamiltonianensuring convergence toward a low energy state (typically the ground state) and facilitating the search for energy minima to solve various problems such as simulations, optimizations, and machine learning. Meanwhile, digital or universal quantum computers are quantum gates-based. They use qubits equipped with quantum gates capable of executing all quantum algorithms, which makes them general-purpose quantum computers.

But gate-based quantum computers currently have a limited qubit number due to quantum noise. To mitigate this noise, logical qubits made of multiple physical qubits and quantum-error correction codes (QEC) are used. Until fault-tolerant quantum computers with logical qubits become widespread, these systems will rely on non-corrected qubits in NISQ devices. These NISQ computers support 50 to a few-hundred physical qubits and can execute algorithms with limited circuit depth due to qubit error rates.

Efforts are underway to improve their performance using quantum error suppression and mitigation techniques. Eventually, NISQ devices are expected to surpass the computing capabilities of supercomputers for specific tasks. In the future, fault-tolerant quantum computers with many physical qubits and more than 100 logical qubits will revolutionize quantum computing.

At Yole Group, we also see a quantum accelerator on the horizon, functioning as a quantum computer and complementing supercomputers or HPCs by executing variational algorithms where a classical part prepares data for the quantum accelerator and serves as an accelerator within the HPC system and requires close integration for batch loading and executing the quantum algorithm multiple times, typically containing a classical computer within itself.

More here:

Quantum continues to be a buoyant field where photonics will play a critical role - Laser Focus World

PALO ALTO, Calif., May 29, 2024--(BUSINESS WIRE)--D-Wave Quantum Inc. (NYSE: QBTS) ("D-Wave" or the "Company"), a leader in quantum computing systems, software, and services and the worlds first commercial supplier of quantum computers, today announced that it has been featured in a Wall Street Journal article on quantum computing, which highlighted its technologys strengths in tackling real-world optimization problems.

The article, titled "Quantum Computing Gets Real: It Could Even Shorten Your Airport Connection," showcases how recent technological advances are enabling businesses and researchers to explore quantum computing for practical use cases. It specifically notes how D-Wave customers have used its annealing quantum computing technology to address optimization problems including grocery store driver delivery scheduling, cross-country promotional tour routing, and cargo-handling at one of the United States busiest ports. The article also highlights recent research from D-Wave, citing it as an example of a computational supremacy claim that, according to a source interviewed for the article, is "actually the strongest" of all the computational supremacy claims so far.

The story comes as D-Wave continues to be a leader in the commercialization of quantum computing. D-Waves Advantage quantum computer, currently the worlds largest quantum computer (5,000+ qubits), and its Leap real-time quantum cloud service are in market today, helping customers accelerate the adoption and deployment of quantum and hybrid-quantum applications. D-Wave has already taken a customers commercial application into production, meaning its systems are used to facilitate its customers daily operations. D-Wave is also the only company commercially offering annealing quantum computing, which is uniquely suited to solve optimization problems, challenges that are pervasive within commercial enterprises.

"This acknowledgment by The Wall Street Journal of quantums growing relevance and importance reflects what were seeing with our customers a steadily increasing appetite and enthusiasm to harness the power of quantum to solve their most computationally complex problems," said Dr. Alan Baratz, CEO of D-Wave. "We believe there is no other company right now in the world delivering the same level of commercial-grade, production-ready quantum technology as D-Wave. Its an incredibly important moment for the industry, and this recognition of D-Waves leadership is gratifying."

Story continues

About D-Wave Quantum Inc.

D-Wave is a leader in the development and delivery of quantum computing systems, software, and services, and is the worlds first commercial supplier of quantum computersand the only company building both annealing quantum computers and gate-model quantum computers. Our mission is to unlock the power of quantum computing today to benefit business and society. We do this by delivering customer value with practical quantum applications for problems as diverse as logistics, artificial intelligence, materials sciences, drug discovery, scheduling, cybersecurity, fault detection, and financial modeling. D-Waves technology has been used by some of the worlds most advanced organizations including Mastercard, Deloitte, Davidson Technologies, ArcelorMittal, Siemens Healthineers, Unisys, NEC Corporation, Pattison Food Group Ltd., DENSO, Lockheed Martin, Forschungszentrum Jlich, University of Southern California, and Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this press release are forward-looking, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements and may not be indicative of future results. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, among others, various factors beyond managements control, including the risks set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" discussed under the caption "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K or any updates discussed under the caption "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in Part II of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC. Undue reliance should not be placed on the forward-looking statements in this press release in making an investment decision, which are based on information available to us on the date hereof. We undertake no duty to update this information unless required by law.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240528062466/en/

Contacts

D-Wave Alex Daigle media@dwavesys.com

See the article here:

D-Wave Quantum Featured in The Wall Street Journal - Yahoo Finance

The Superposition Guys Podcast, hosted by Yuval Boger, CMO at QuEra Computing

Nick Farina, CEO of EeroQ, is interviewed by Yuval Boger. They discuss EeroQs unique approach to building quantum computers using electrons on helium with a CMOS chip substrate, a technology researched for over 20 years but revisited by Farinas co-founder at Caltech. Farina outlines the companys journey from its founding in 2016, its strategic focus on hardware, and plans to release a functional prototype soon with a goal of achieving 10,000 qubits by 2026. They also explore the technical advantages, future plans, and the companys commitment to quantum ethics. Farina highlights challenges such as the funding climate and potential negative impacts of quantum technology, and endorses neutral atoms and silicon spin qubits as alternative modalities.

Listen on Spotify here

ere

Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller, product manager at Google Quantum AI, is interviewed by Yuval Boger. Catherine describes the development of full-stack quantum computing, the importance of their 2019 quantum supremacy milestone, Googles product focus, and the early customers they work with. We discuss the evaluation of quantum usefulness, their error correction roadmap, the intersection of quantum computing and AI, the societal responsibilities of quantum development, and much more.

Yuval: Hello Nick, thank you for joining me today.

Nick: Thank you so much, I appreciate you having me on the show.

Yuval: So who are you and what do you do?

Nick: So my name is Nick Farina and I am the CEO of EeroQ. We were started in 2016, incorporated back in 2017. So weve been around for quite a while now in terms of quantum computing industry startups. We were originally spun out of Michigan State University. Weve been a little bit stealthy then and since.

But the first five years of the company was really a joint venture between myself working with some partners on providing investment funding to do sponsored research at Michigan State University. And ironically I came from a software background and our focus is 100% on hardware. So Im a lifelong entrepreneur, Im an angel investor and I came to quantum somewhat by accident.

Ill keep the story brief but I was on the board of directors of my co-founders wifes theater company in 2011 and I just became so fascinated. At the time he was a PhD student, later did a postdoc at Caltech and then got that professorship at MSU. But I became really enchanted by how magical quantum mechanics are and just not even thinking about quantum computing originally. I was just really mystified by the world of ultra low temperature experimental physics.

And then to keep the narrative rolling then in 2022 we felt that we were in a position to get to a 10,000 range quantum computer within five years. And Ill mention we had also brought on a CTO, Steve Lyon, who is a professor at Princeton. And Steve changed our trajectory in a few ways that we can discuss later but especially focusing on a CMOS compatible architecture. And the company itself does electrons on helium.

So there will be a lot to unpack there because on the one hand it sounds exotic and new. On the other hand its been in the literature since 1999. So its very old but also very new at the same time.

Yuval: So I understand that the company makes quantum computers or makes technology by which you can make quantum computers. Help me focus on that.

Nick: Absolutely. So we make quantum computers. So we are building a quantum computer that as with many other companies we envision having both on-prem offerings as well as cloud offerings.

There are as you know between seven to 10 different ways to build a quantum computer and electrons on helium using a CMOS chip as your substrate is a unique way out of those seven to 10. So one thing that makes EeroQ unique is that we are our only competitors. So electrons and helium has to work. And Im happy to describe how that system works in a minute. But we are our own lane.

And the reason that we chose this particular qubit modality is because its been researched theoretically and experimentally for over 20 plus years now. So we know a lot about the system. And similar to technologies like neutral atoms, its a next generation technology that is earlier stage in its development but at the same time offers some really compelling advances and advantages once someone is able to get it to work.

Yuval: I gather from the description of the CMOS substrate that the idea is that once you have this working as you describe then its easy to scale because CMOS chips are super well understood. There are so many places and you can make them and so the scaling part is almost solved. I know its far from solved but its almost solved once you have the basic building blocks in place. But Im curious, you mentioned that you are in your own lane. Is that because others are not aware of this technology? Is that because of IP protection? Why wouldnt you have additional competitors?

Nick: Thats a classic question to answer so Im happy to answer that one. But first Ill say that you did just give our sales pitch regarding CMOS which is essentially what we call it has been building a quantum computer in reverse. So no one has ever performed a two qubit gate with this system because we think thats actually the easier part and thats the part that were working in now.

But what weve done is the CMOS now has gone well beyond theory. So we work with a foundry called SkyWater up in Minnesota and SkyWater produced for us a chip where we can control ensembles of 2,432 electrons. So its similar to these large scale demonstrations in neutral atoms where you dont necessarily have 6,000 qubits but you have an array of atoms that can be controlled. So were at a similar stage there where weve proven the CMOS can work with the liquid helium. So were a scaling first company.

And the reason now to answer your other question is theres a few reasons that we are in our own lane. The first is that the way that quantum computing had developed in the United States very broadly is that in the early 2000s there was quite a bit of money provided by the government to fund different approaches. And some of these approaches were successful like superconducting circuits and ion traps at their very early stages. And then as a result, a lot of investment began to pour into those areas because they had shown promising early results.

Electrons and helium didnt work. So when there were attempts made in the early 2000s is when the experimental work began, we just didnt have the mastery of the properties of electrons and helium. We didnt have the equipment needed. So now for example, we can work with partners out there, vendors like Bluefors, like quantum machines that provide tools that were not available at all when this was first experiment I started.

So then what happened was because it wasnt a system that was able to get up and running quickly, there was a drought of funding for it. So it wasnt pursued as heavily as it might have been and therefore it lost some traction and ground. And then where we came in is during my co-founder Johannes time at Caltech, he basically put two and two together and dusted off an old paper. And he said, Well, at Caltech, everyones talking about quantum computing.

He got very familiar with the other modalities because he had been a condensed matter physicist generally at ultra-low temperatures, not focused on quantum computing until he went to Caltech. And there he said, Look, everyones talking about the pros and cons of these technologies, but I remember a paper in Science from 1999 that proposed electrons and helium, which is an expertise of his, that really wouldnt have any of these flaws where you could have exceptionally long coherence times, you could have all-to-all connectivity, you could have mobile qubits on the surface of the helium.

And the fun scientific fact is that electrons floating above helium are attracted to their own image beneath the helium surface. So the trapping is natural and this provides for immense potential for scalability and no requirement for modular interconnects. So for those reasons, we decided that even though this technology is really early, it needs to get the same type of shot that everyone else did because this could be a really compelling second generation technology.

And its taken a long time. Once we brought it back initially with some funding from myself and my friends and then later from venture capital. So our lead investors, B Capital Group, theyre the strategic venture arm of the Boston Consulting Group. And a few other reasons that we are able to stay in this lane is that its a very, very small field. So theres probably 10 or so people in the world who are truly experts at electrons on helium and about seven of them work at EeroQ.

So we were able to create a moat around talent, a moat with IP and a moat with a head start to actually build a scalable computer. And thats the reason why we have this very, very deep moat. Now that doesnt mean someone is not going to start one of these companies as we become more successful. But we do feel that we have a pretty strong moat around it.

Yuval: This is liquid helium, right? So this would be about four Kelvin and the electrons would swim around in the helium?

Nick: Yeah. So were running around 10 millikelvins, so quite cold. And what happens is, so its superfluid helium and you have your bottom layer is your CMOS chip. And then we put a layer of bulk helium at the bottom, which crawls the walls as superfluids do. And then that coats that CMOS chip and the electrodes on the chip. And then we use a tungsten filament, just basically a light bulb, to spray electrons into the system.

And then control and readout is done very similar to superconducting circuits using CQED. And thats what the system looks like. And if your listeners want to compare it to another technology that exists thats better known, it would be silicon spin qubits. The advantage being that the comparison being that were both using single electrons as qubits and were both a CMOS compatible system, but with electrons on helium, that little additional layer of helium provides a protective barrier so that the qubits dont get stuck in the silicon and are therefore exposed to all the defects of silicon like trapped charges, valley splitting, and so forth.

Yuval: When can I use one? How far are you from demonstrating or showcasing to the outside world this computer?

Nick: Well, watch this space over the next couple of months. Weve got some pretty exciting news coming out regarding the basics of the system. We have a functional prototype of the scaling system in our engineering facility. Were based in Chicago. When can you use it? I would say aggressively sometime next year. Were working on building a simulator for it as well. Being able to use it in a simulation environment, the answer would be much sooner.

But 2025 and 2026 are really when we see this system fully come online in working with both cloud vendors and potentially, depending on the demand, on-premise installations. One advantage Ill mention there is that because theres no need for modular interconnects, if someones looking for an on-prem quantum computer, all they need to do is get one chip from us and a Bluefors. Thats the entire setup. In that way, it has the ability to have a very small footprint, similar to neutral atoms in that way.

Yuval: Can you give us a hint on how many qubits?

Nick: Yes, I can. Our goal is going to be 10,000 qubits at some point in 2026. How exactly we distribute that, again, the split between on-prem and cloud remains to be seen. But the whole purpose of the system, as you already noted, is that we can go from our upcoming two-qubit gate to simply adding it to a scaling layer that we have already proven out works with liquid helium and with our system. So thats what enables us to leapfrog so quickly and scale so quickly.

And then from there, because its CMOS, in terms of going beyond 10,000, its just a matter of making more features in the CMOS.

Yuval: What can you tell us about coherence time or clock speed or anything that people use to measure the performance of existing systems?

Nick: Yeah, absolutely. I will note, of course, this is all theoretical because we have to build the system and have it out there. But the reasons that were excited about this system are that you can get well over 10 seconds of coherence time. Three nines in terms of key fidelities. We have all-to-all connectivity, which allows you, in addition to mobile qubits, both of which allow us to run the state of the art in error correction, whatever that may be.

Clock speed is something that will change due to variations. So we dont usually give a precise number on that. And lets see, I covered all-to-all connectivity. And the other key advantage in terms of metrics and benchmarking is that, well, this falls a little bit out of the scope and more into the advantages, is were able to control all the electrons with a single voltage. So in terms of actually being able to practically operate the machine in terms of wiring, youre able to do with far fewer wires than with some other systems.

Yuval: That point about fewer controls is also an important selling point of neutral atom systems. In neutral atom systems, the qubits move around with optical tweezers. How do they move around in your system?

Nick: So we use RF pulses. So again, its very similar, its sort of a mixture of superconducting circuits and silicon spin qubits in some ways. But we use a pretty standard circuit-quantum electrodynamics toolkit to control and read out the qubit states. And whats nice about the qubits, I keep mentioning mobility, but its a really important point.

The fact that theyre mobile on the surface allows us to, if we have any bad qubits, simply move them around and reconfigure. Because a lot of efforts having bad qubits and getting around them can be quite a challenge. So the mobility there is also something that is a significant part of the control of the qubits. And then the electrons themselves, before theyre moved into the operation zones, to the gates, we store them in little microchannels that are etched onto the chip.

And then theyre taken to the operation zones where we apply voltages and do computation in the very near future.

Yuval: Tell me more about the company. You mentioned when you were founded and how this started, you mentioned your lead investor. How many people are you and what are you looking for?

Nick: So were about 15 people now. We are very proud to be located in Chicago, which I think is, we had a national search for a headquarters, given that we were all over the place. We had people, of course, in Princeton, in New York City, and Michigan as well. So I was originally from Chicago, but we chose Chicago not because of that, but because of the talent pool there. So we moved into, we have about a 10,000 square foot engineering lab. And it was actually a fun challenge to find because we needed something very, very stable to avoid any fluctuations of the liquid helium. And as you mentioned, it can slosh around. So we are headquartered in an old locomotive headlight factory.

One thing that makes the company unique is that we have a pure 100% hardware focus. So we view ourselves as a fabless semiconductor company. And this allows us to be very capital efficient because at the end of the day, we dont need to build out our own fabrication, our own machinery around that. We simply are, we design the chips and then we can have them produced by third party foundries.

Now that being said, we dont have to wait around, I shouldnt say waste, but we dont have to wait around for wafers to come back in order to test and prototype new designs. So we do local fabrication here as well to test and iterate on a weekly basis on new chip designs.

One other thing that makes the company unique is that weve been focused on quantum ethics and responsibility since before it was cool. So back in 2018, we put out a white paper written by a PhD from MIT in philosophy about the ethics and governance of quantum computing and why we should get ahead of that at that time. So we stay very focused on hardware, but we also have a focus on policy and making sure that quantum computing is something that is a force for good in the world. As you know, its a dual use technology, so there are good and bad things you can do with it. And were definitely on our way to making a quantum computer and were pretty confident in our path now and we want to make sure now that it feels inevitable that its used properly.

Yuval: So all these hardware things, not bad for a software guy.And as an entrepreneur, what keeps you up at night? What are you worried about?

Nick: Well, as an entrepreneur, youre always up at night because theres an endless amount of things to worry about. But one thing I dont worry about is the quality of our team. I love the people that we work with and the technological effort. I certainly worry about the funding climate in general for quantum computing and where were going to see. Now this has begun to change because even though the general funding climate is in a bit of a downturn now, weve seen strong investment in quantum computing. So that keeps me up a little bit less.

We are not raising money now, but you always have to be thinking about that as a CEO. And finally, Ill say the potentially negative consequences of this technology do keep me up a little bit at night. Thinking about, again, because we have a very high level of confidence that were going to be able to build this computer. And we also have confidence in other pathways. And I dont even want to call them competing pathways because I think there will be room for multiple different qubit pathways to exist and to be successful.

So knowing that, having such a bullish perspective on us being able to achieve quantum advantage perhaps quicker than some folks think, that certainly keeps me up at night a little bit. But Im very proud of what were building here.

Yuval: Speaking of alternative modalities, so if there were no electrons on helium, which modality would you endorse?

Nick: I would endorse neutral atoms and silicon spin qubits. I would do a dual endorsement because I think they both have key advantages. Silicon spin qubits, they both have a lot of brilliant people working on them. And silicon spin qubits, you have the CMOS, with neutral atoms, you have a small footprint, and you have a system that seems like it can scale in a way that others cant.

Again, were focused 95% on scalability. The type of two qubit gates were working on are very well understood. So for us its about how we can make this scalable in addition to having high quality. But those are the two that I would, and Im not just saying this because youre involved in the neutral atom world, but were big fans of those two. But we want to see everyone succeed.

Yuval: One measure that we forgot to talk about is gate fidelity. What are you looking to achieve in the near term in terms of single or two-qubit gate fidelity?

Nick: We think three nines is something that we can get to. That will be the first design perhaps, but by the time within the period of two years or so, we think we can get there. Especially given that were the combination of using the spin state of the electron magnetic field there, as well as the intrinsic purity of the environment. So were not afraid to say that in terms of fidelities that we would predict that.

Yuval: And last hypothetical, so if you could have dinner with one of the quantum greats dead or alive, who would that be?

Nick: Thats a great question. I would say someone who I know from quantum Twitter, Jens Eisert. I dont even know if Im pronouncing his name correctly. Could be Jens. But Im going to give a shout out to him. A lot of the work that hes been doing lately has been really, really interesting, particularly at the conversion of quantum computing and artificial intelligence, which is something that I dont say lightly because I know we dont really know if there is a speed up there, but hes been doing really great work in that area and thats something I know very little about. And hes accomplished quite a bit. I would put him down actually.

Yuval: Nick, thank you so much for joining me today.

Nick: Thank you so much. It was really a pleasure and always appreciate the show.

To subscribe to the audio podcast, please Spotify here

Originally posted here:

Superposition Guy's Podcast -- Nick Farina - CEO of EeroQ The Superposition Guy's Podcast: Workforce Development - The Quantum Insider