TEL AVIV, Israel, June 26, 2024 Quantum Machines (QM), a leading provider of processor-based quantum controllers, announced the opening of the Israeli Quantum Computing Center (IQCC), a world-class research facility that will serve the quantum computing industry and academic community in Israel and around the world. The center was built with the financial backing and support of the Israel Innovation Authority and is located at Tel Aviv University.

The IQCCs grand opening took place June 24th, as part of Tel Aviv Universitys AI and Cyber Week. The ceremony began with the ribbon-cutting, followed by speeches from Asaf Zamir, First Deputy Mayor of Tel Aviv; Dror Bin, CEO of the Israel Innovation Authority; Prof. Yaron Oz and Prof. Itzik Ben Israel from Tel Aviv University; and Dr. Itamar Sivan, CEO of Quantum Machines. Industry experts, including Eyal Waldman, co-founder and former CEO of Mellanox, Ofir Zamir, Senior Director of AI Solution Architecture at NVIDIA, and Niv Efron, Senior Director of Engineering at Google, also shared their insights.

The Israeli Quantum Computing Center marks a significant milestone for our tech sector, said Dror Bin, CEO of the Israel Innovation Authority. It exemplifies the remarkable progress of Israels quantum computing ecosystem and will serve as a center of excellence not just locally, but on a global scale. Were proud to support this initiative that solidifies Israels position in the quantum computing race.

The Israeli Quantum Computing Center represents more than technological advancement; its a testament to our duty to pursue the biggest computing revolution since the invention of the computer itself, said Dr. Itamar Sivan, co-founder and CEO of Quantum Machines. By leveraging our excellent talent and global partnerships, we aim to have an impact that goes beyond progress in quantum computing laying the foundation for Israels long-term leadership and sovereignty in this critical field.

The IQCC is a state-of-the-art quantum and HPC center that uniquely integrates the power of quantum and classical computing resources. It is the first in the world to house multiple co-located quantum computers of different qubit types, all utilizing the NVIDIA DGX Quantum system. This offers on-premises supercomputing resources and cloud accessibility, while being tightly integrated with Quantum Machines processor-based OPX control system. The center also features the worlds best-equipped testbed for developing new quantum computing technologies.

The unified DGX Quantum system for integrated quantum supercomputing was co-developed by NVIDIA and Quantum Machines. DGX Quantum implements NVIDIA CUDA-Q, an open-source software platform for integrated quantum-classical computing. The system features a supercomputing cluster headlined by NVIDIA Grace Hopper superchips and also including NVIDIA DGX H100, all connected to AWS cloud platforms for remote access and to leverage additional cloud computing resources. The center also utilizes QMs new OPX1000 controller, designed to enable scaling to 1,000+ qubits.

The tight integration of quantum computers with AI supercomputers is essential to the development of useful quantum computing, said Tim Costa, Director of Quantum and HPC at NVIDIA. This work with Quantum Machines to enable a flagship deployment of NVIDIA DGX Quantum in the IQCC offers researchers the platform they need to grow quantum computing into the era of large-scale, useful applications

Before the IQCC, a developer of a quantum processor chip would need to build their own testing setup, costing millions, said Dr. Yonatan Cohen, CTO and co-founder of Quantum Machines. Now, researchers can plug their chip into our testbed and benefit from the most advanced setup in the world, leveraging NVIDIA and Quantum Machines hardware to accelerate their development process and reduce costs significantly.

The IQCC is open to researchers and developers of quantum computers from around the world. By providing an open, cutting-edge platform for research and development, Quantum Machines aims to accelerate the progress of practical quantum computing and foster collaborative projects with industry leaders that will drive the field forward. The center is poised to become a destination for companies and researchers worldwide, securing Israels quantum independence and cementing its position as a leader in the quantum computing revolution.

For more information about the IQCC please visit https://i-qcc.com.

About Quantum Machines

Quantum Machines (QM) drives quantum breakthroughs that accelerate the realization of practical quantum computers. The companys Quantum Orchestration Platform (QOP) fundamentally redefines the control and operations architecture of quantum processors. The full-stack hardware and software platform is capable of running even the most complex algorithms right out of the box, including quantum error correction, multi-qubit calibration, and more. Helping achieve the full potential of any quantum processor, the QOP allows for unprecedented advancement and speed-up of quantum technologies as well as the ability to scale to thousands of qubits.

Source: Quantum Machines

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Quantum Machines Opens Quantum and HPC Facility in Tel Aviv - HPCwire

Researchers from the Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI) developed an affordable, handy personal quantum computer emulator. It can run programming languages written for quantum computing and produce great results.

Presales for this product have already started happening, with shipments due in July. Co-founded by Simon Devitt and Chris Ferrie, the duo tends to make quantum computing understandable and accessible to everyone.

The researchers are geared up to democratize access to the existing and rapidly growing field of quantum computing called Eigensystem. They aim to do this by levelling up the next generation of scientists, engineers, and innovators using the mode of education.

Quantum computers and quantum technology disrupt industries and promise a significant paradigm shift. One of its benefits is that it can solve complex problems in the blink of an eye. It can also support non-linear problems and can handle huge rises in the amounts of data.

Apart from this, quantum technology can also help with gauging machine learning, drug development, modeling chemical processes, finance, aircraft development, and lots more. It can also help in the world of research, however, its important to know who it is for. In the words of Ferrie, Quantum technology has had limited engagement beyond the rarefied world of research and that means we need to reimagine what quantum education is and who its for.

The duo is just aiming to revolutionize how people learn about quantum computing and STEM education in general. However, STEM technology still runs on a pretty archaic curriculum and is mostly driven by information processing. Quantum is poised to change that.

The researchers hold the opinion that quantum literacy is likely to define the cutting edge of 21st-century innovation. However, the problem is that there isnt a platform where students, educators and hobbyists could properly discover the possibilities.

The Quokka allows users to explore the practical applications of quantum computing, providing hands-on and tactile experiences with cutting-edge technology, said Ferrie. It emulates a 30-qubit fault-tolerant quantum computer, which doesnt exist yet.

The Quokka platform, including the device, is a tool for hands-on learning. It acts as a fault-tolerant quantum computer, unlike other quantum simulators, he said.

It allows you to experiment and learn about quantum algorithms and programs by interfacing with it exactly as you would have to with a future fault-tolerant quantum computer he added.

The Quokka has been created with an objective of generating a dynamic learning ecosystem for students and professionals. The basic tier of the platform comprises three programming interfaces. At the advanced level is a comprehensive library of content with access to lessons, tutorials, curated community projects, and the ability to share, mix, and co-create projects.

Then theres Quokka Stories, a collection of narrative-driven lessons targeting the educational curriculum, reimagining science, technology, engineering and mathematics through the lens of information processing Ferrie shared.

The duo are devising ways to revolutionize peoples learning about quantum computing and STEM education. They believed their product would be affordable and accessible to a wide range of users, like schools, professionals and enthusiasts.

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Quokka: 'World's first' quantum computing consumer product is here - Interesting Engineering

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Quantum Computing Investment Boom: Funding Driving Breakthroughs - Techopedia

Quantum computing is now at its early stage, and its evolution is a new epoch that will bring about changes across the domains of life. Quantum computers, however, do not operate like classical computers, which use binary cycles of 0 and 1, known as bits. Still, they use the principles of quantum mechanics to solve very complex computations.

Quantum computers have quantum bits or qubits. In quantum computing, quantum bits can be in multiple states at the same time through superposition. These principles allow quantum computers to solve problems beyond the capacity of other compact computing systems today.

Given below are some ways, in which quantum computers are revolutionizing scientific research:

Just like quantum chemistry is expected to revolutionize chemical science by simulating the interaction between molecules and atoms, quantum computing is expected to do the same. Quantum Computers will help advance the search for materials optimized for certain functions or characteristics, like superconductors, though with a B2B use case.

The possibility of perfectly imitating the specimens of chemical reactions can lead to groundbreaking discoveries across numerous industries, such as the medical field and farming.

By utilizing quantum bits, quantum computers can simulate the interactions at the quantum state and get results that cannot be acquired using conventional computers. They can also elicit novel drugs and more effective catalytic agents for some chemical reactions.

Quantum computing holds the potential to revolutionize healthcare and medicine in several profound ways:

In traditional drug discovery, it takes considerable time and money to develop a drug that may take years. Considering issues related to the simulation of chemical compounds and molecular structures, it is possible to solve problems concerning the creation of new drugs millions of times faster and more efficiently than traditional computers.

It is through quantum computing, that can relate large amounts of genetic data to facilitate accurate medical treatments. These could include advancements in the investigation of viral and genetic disorders and the development of new gene therapies for various types of genetic mutations.

Despite its distinct advantages, quantum computing poses serious threats to modern approaches to cybersecurity. Cryptographic algorithms that are currently applied on a large scale can be easily opposed by quantum computers because factoring large numbers is only difficult for todays classical computers. At the same time, quantum algorithms can solve the same task exponentially faster.

In a bid to counter these risks, scientists are developing quantum-resistant encryption techniques. These new cryptographic techniques will help ward off those who attempt to breach the security measures in place by using state-of-the-art quantum machines, safeguarding information from being compromised in a post-quantum era.

QKD works on the foundation of Quantum mechanics by designing secure links. If an effort is made to run a wire and listen into the communication, the quantum state is changed, thus notifying the owners and making sure the information exchanged is safe. It may not be far off statement to describe this technology as potentially bringing secure communication as close to becoming virtually inviolable as would be possible.

Quantum computing will vastly improve data processing capabilities, offering solutions to problems currently beyond the reach of classical computers:

Every industry has challenging tasks and objectives to solve, varying from supply chain management to financial analysis and logistic scenarios. By using quantum computers, large amounts of data can be processed, and the best solutions to problems can be achieved rapidly as compared to classical methods, ultimately reducing cost.

Quantum computing will further improve AI through improved machine learning algorithms and, hence, better data analysis. This will culminate in the creation of better artificial intelligence systems for addressing complex issues and, as such, making better forecasts.

The financial sector stands to benefit enormously from quantum computing:

One of the significant benefits of quantum computing is pattern matching or pattern recognition, as it works on large datasets, while most classical computing might fail to do so. Therefore, if applied in modeling risk assessment, it will help financial institutions manage risks better through better decision-making.

Quantum algorithms can completely process and analyze market data, identify trading opportunities, and manage portfolios most efficiently. This could result in higher returns, which is the ultimate goal of investing, and more stability in financial markets.

Quantum computing will also play a pivotal role in advancing space exploration:

It is critical to note that managing a space missions efficiency means solving challenging multi-objective optimization issues. Another application is that quantum computers can also, for instance, design trajectories for actual spacecraft with less consumption of fuel or other resources, thus making the costs of the mission less.

Digital imitation of the behavior of astronomical objects and phenomena is a difficult process that demands a great deal of computational resources. Quantum computers are capable of providing more precise simulations than classical computers, so the world gains a clearer vision of the universe, and discoveries can be made.

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How Quantum Will Change Everything in Forthcoming Years - Analytics Insight

Leading the UKs quantum efforts is the National Quantum Computing Center (NQCC), and at the forefront of this transformative journey is Sonali Mohapatra, the NQCCs quantum innovation sector lead, whose understanding of the industry and the Centers pivotal role in propelling quantum adoption across industries was recently up for discussion during an interview at the AI Summit London 2024.

In her pivotal position, Mohapatra first discussed the NQCCs multifaceted approach.

We work with various different stakeholders within the quantum computing ecosystem to stimulate the ecosystem and nurture the ecosystem, she said. This collaborative ethos extends beyond mere research, as she went further into: We look at how we can support industry in the discovery of novel quantum computing use cases and then support that journey to integrate quantum within business processes.

Mohapatras expertise sheds light on the transformative potential of quantum computing, particularly in the realm of healthcare and pharmaceuticals.

Quantum computers, as you might have heard, are quantum systems, so theyre really good at simulating nature, which is again has quantum mechanical properties at the very small scale, she explained. This capability holds profound implications for drug discovery and personalized medicine. In order to simulate molecules which are lets say personalized treatments for a particular person rather than having it as an average treatment for various different demographics in society, she added.

Beyond healthcare, quantums impact extends to the realm of cybersecurity and data privacy, areas of paramount concern in todays digital landscape. Mohapatra said that quantum computers will excel at cryptography, necessitating upgrades to current classical cryptographic systems to ensure resilience. She also stressed that quantum technology offers opportunities for safeguarding sensitive information through techniques such as quantum-enabled federated machine learning, which allows researchers worldwide to upload data while the aggregate analysis prevents the leakage of private, sensitive information.

As the NQCC navigates this uncharted territory, Mohapatra recognizes the need for a diverse and skilled workforce.

We really need people from very different backgrounds, very diverse backgrounds, she asserted, highlighting the array of roles available, from engineering and project management to communications and public engagement. This inclusive approach aims to demystify quantum computing, ensuring were not adding to the hype thats around quantum, while acknowledging the realistic timelines: We are still around 5 to 10 years away from being able to tackle those huge challenges.

For businesses eager to explore quantums potential, the NQCC offers a comprehensive support system through its flagship Spark program.

Under that, we do fund various different kinds of R&D projects, Mohapatra explained. We also are able to match application engineer expertise to businesses who might be looking to start building up that technical knowledge within their team in quantum. This hands-on approach empowers organizations to start experimenting and understanding how quantum is going to be beneficial to their business.

The NQCCs unwavering commitment to advancing the quantum frontier has garnered widespread acclaim, with The Quantum Insider serving as a dedicated chronicler of their achievements. Through Mohapatras guidance, the Center is well on its way for a future where quantum is important. A future where, innovation and the development of the talents that will shape the next technological revolution will be important.

The NQCCs visionary leadership in people like Mohapatras clearly makes the UK as a global quantum strongman, one with muscles to unlock exciting opportunities across sectors and redefining the boundaries of what is possible.

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NQCC's Visionary Path to Innovation Supremacy - The Quantum Insider

28-06-2024 | Mouser Electronics | Industrial

Mouser has announced the newest issue of the Methods technology and solutions journal. 'Engineering the Quantum Future', the first issue of volume five, presents a collection of articles exploring quantum computing and its seemingly limitless potential.

Quantum computing employs specialised technology, including computer hardware and algorithms that take advantage of quantum mechanics, to solve complex problems very quickly that standard computers or even supercomputers cannot solve. The new issue, available with a free subscription, provides a series of perspectives on the pros and cons surrounding quantum and their implications for various industries and applications.

"Quantum computing is on track to be one of the world's most groundbreaking advancements, and its deployment could redefine our technological future," said Kevin Hess, senior vice president of marketing at Mouser Electronics. "Our newest issue of Methods helps readers to understand the changes that quantum computing will bring through the help of added context and deep insights provided by some of the industry's leading experts."

'Engineering the Quantum Future' features multiple articles on the technological advances and engineering challenges of quantum, including the myriad ethical dilemmas that developers are faced with in this field. The issue also incorporates a detailed infographic and information about select Amphenol products available from Mouser.

As well as the Methods technology and solutions journal, the company offers a wide range of resources for design engineers and buyers, including blogs and eBooks. Its 'Empowering Innovation Together' program features podcasts, articles, and videos examining the hottest engineering topics impacting engineering design, and the technical resource hub includes exclusive design resources, white papers, and product information, enabling design engineers to break new ground in product development and innovation.

Seb Springall is a seasoned editor at Electropages, specialising in the product news sections. With a keen eye for the latest advancements in the tech industry, Seb curates and oversees content that highlights cutting-edge technologies and market trends.

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New issue of journal explores the power of quantum computing - Electropages

Insider Brief

PRESS RELEASE Foresight Group (Foresight), the leading listed infrastructure and regional private equity investment manager, has led a 2.2 million growth capital investment into Cavero Quantum Ltd (Cavero Quantum or the Company) alongside co-investor, Northern Gritstone.

Cavero Quantum, a University of Leeds spinout, has developed a new passwordless encryption technology for secure key generation and authentication. It is compatible with legacy hardware, requires little bandwidth and has the potential to be potentially secure against cyber attacks by quantum computers.

The technology is attractive to a wide range of sectors and has immediate market application through replacing multi-factor authentication and one-time passwords with a high security, frictionless, passwordless form of authentication.

Founded by Professor Ben Varcoe and Dr Frey Wilson, Cavero Quantum will use the funding to begin commercialising its technology and launch its first product. Ben will support Cavero Quantum alongside his existing role as Professor of Quantum Information Science at the University of Leeds, while Frey will become Chief Technology Officer.

As part of the investment, the founders will be supported by the appointment of James Trenholme, as CEO, and Andrew Wallace as Chair. James is an experienced software entrepreneur who has previously founded and exited an identity services start-up, whilst Andrew Wallace has significant deep-tech experience in quantum computing.

Foresight has invested alongside Northern Gritstone, an investment company dedicated to supporting ambitious science and technology-enabled businesses in the North of England, including through its venture-building program NG Studios powered by Deeptech Labs, in which Cavero Quantum participated earlier this year.

Cyber attacks are estimated to cost the global economy $7 trillion per year and are driving investment across the cyber security market, including in passwordless authentication which is projected to be worth 17 billion per year by 2027. Demand for Caveros solution is expected to further increase as existing cryptographic methods become more vulnerable to quantum computers.

Richard Ralph, Investment Manager at Foresight, said: Whilst Cavero Quantums technology is potentially revolutionary to quantum cryptography, it offers the potential for immediate improvements on existing cryptographic approaches due to its dual authentication and passwordless nature, thereby providing improved security against existing cyber attacks. The technology has been independently validated and we look forward to working with Ben, Frey, James, Andrew and Northern Gritstone to commercialise this innovative technology.

James Trenholme, CEO at Cavero Quantum, commented: The technologythat Ben, Frey and the experimental quantum science team at the University of Leeds have built reallyisground-breakingtechnology.Itsthe first solution in the world that can replace security standards like ECDH without compromising on architecture and customer experience, keeping data safe for the future as Quantum computing becomes the norm. Its an honour to lead Cavero Quantum. This is a great team, and Im looking forward to building a great business together.

Duncan Johnson, Chief Executive Officer at Northern Gritstone, added: Cavero Quantums technology is applicable today and has the potential to allow individuals, businesses and nations to function safely in a post-quantum world. Spun out of the University of Leeds innovation ecosystem, one of Northern Gritstones university partners, Cavero Quantum is an example of a world-class business of tomorrow built on the amazing science and technology that exists in the North of England today.

Professor Nick Plant, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Innovation, University of Leeds, said: It is inspiring to see how the experimental quantum science team at Leeds has developed solutions for such a critical issue in online security. Caveros technology will have a major impact on our global community, making sector-leading improvements and bringing financial savings to businesses. It is testament to the world-leading, innovative technology being driven by our region.

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Foresight Leads 2.2 Million Growth Capital Investment Into Cavero Quantum - The Quantum Insider

The world is awash in data. According to International Data Corporation, the global datasphere is projected to grow to a staggering 175 zettabytes by 2025. This data deluge presents both opportunities and challenges. In logistics, a sector characterized by intricate networks and ever-evolving demands, optimizing operations to maximize efficiency and minimize costs has become paramount. This is where a nascent technology with revolutionary potential steps in: quantum computing.

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift from the classical computers we rely on today. It harnesses the laws of quantum mechanics to unlock a new realm of computational power. Unlike classical bits, which are confined to either a 0 or 1 state, quantum bits, or qubits, can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously. This phenomenon, along with entanglement, where qubits become linked and share a single fate, allows quantum computers to explore a vast number of possibilities concurrently, a power known as quantum parallelism.

This is a game-changer for tackling the complex optimization problems that plague the logistics industry. Here, traditional optimization algorithms often struggle due to the sheer volume of variables and the exponential increase in computation time as problem size grows. But quantum algorithms, leveraging the power of superposition and entanglement, promise to provide novel solutions. Industry giants such as IBM and DHL have begun proposing quantum solutions to logistics problems. DHL notes that since last-mile delivery costs account for 53% of total shipping costs, non-traditional solutions are needed to truly optimize costs.

The logistics landscape is riddled with optimization challenges. Consider the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP): a salesman needs to visit a set of cities exactly once and return to the starting point, minimizing total travel distance. This is a complex task due to various constraints such as traffic, last-minute customer requests, and strict delivery windows. And as the number of cities increases, even the most powerful classical computers struggle to find the optimal route.

Beyond route optimization, logistics companies also grapple with challenges in inventory management and demand forecasting, where they must balance inventory levels to meet fluctuating demand while minimizing holding costs. Additionally, fleet management and scheduling require optimizing schedules and routes for vehicles, taking into account factors like traffic, fuel efficiency, and driver availability. Moreover, the design of supply chain networks demands efficiency to minimize transportation costs and ensure timely delivery. Addressing these multifaceted challenges is crucial for maintaining smooth and cost-effective logistics operations.

Traditional approaches to these problems, such as linear programming and heuristics, often reach computational limits as problem complexity increases. This is where quantum computing algorithms come to the fore.

Several quantum algorithms hold immense potential for logistics optimization. Quantum Annealing, inspired by the physical process of annealing, tunnels through solution spaces to find the optimal state. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm iteratively refines the state of qubits to find solutions to optimization problems. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) utilizes a series of quantum operations to tailor the search for optimal solutions. Although not directly an optimization algorithm, Grovers Algorithm offers a significant speedup for searching databases, potentially aiding in tasks like finding optimal routes or inventory locations. Together, these algorithms represent powerful tools for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in logistics.

The efficiency of these algorithms lies in their ability to explore a multitude of potential solutions simultaneously, unlike their classical counterparts. This translates to significant reductions in computation time, particularly for problems with vast solution spaces.

Lets delve into how these algorithms can be applied to specific logistics challenges:

While the potential of quantum computing for logistics optimization is undeniable, there are challenges to overcome. Currently, quantum hardware is in its nascent stages of development. Tech giants such as IBM and Google have announced quantum roadmaps to reach 1 million qubits by 2030, a number necessary for most commercial purposes like supply chain-related operations. That number currently stands at only 5000 qubits.

Furthermore, qubit error rates remain high, and the number of controllable qubits in a single processor is limited. Integrating these algorithms with existing logistics software and workflows also requires significant development efforts.

For logistics companies, adopting quantum computing solutions will require a cost-benefit analysis along with investments in training personnel and developing the necessary infrastructure.

The potential benefits of leveraging quantum computing algorithms for logistics optimization are vast. While technical challenges remain, continued research and development hold the promise of unlocking a new era of efficiency and sustainability in the logistics sector. It is crucial for logistics companies to stay informed about advancements in quantum computing and consider pilot projects to explore its potential applications. By embracing this revolutionary technology, the logistics industry can navigate the complexities of the data-driven world and deliver a future of optimized operations, reduced costs, and a more sustainable global supply chain.

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Leveraging quantum computing algorithms to solve complex optimization problems in logistics? - ET Edge - ET Edge Insights

Jun 24 2024Reviewed by Lexie Corner

In a studypublished in PeerJ Computer Science, Professor Kazuhiro Ogataand Assistant Professor Canh Minh Do of the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) suggested using symbolic model checking to validate quantum circuits.

Quantum computing is a fast-developing technology that utilizes the principles of quantum physics to tackle complicated computational problems that are extremely difficult for classical computing.

To take advantage of quantum computing, researchers worldwide have created a large number of quantum algorithms that show notable gains over classical algorithms.

Creating these algorithms requires the use of quantum circuits, which are models of quantum processing. Before they are actually deployed on quantum hardware, they are utilized to design and implement quantum algorithms.

Quantum circuits consist of a series of quantum gates, measurements, and qubit initializations, among other events. Quantum gates execute quantum computations by working on qubits, the quantum equivalents of conventional bits (0s and 1s), and manipulating the system's quantum states.

Quantum states are the output of quantum circuits that can be monitored to provide classical outcomes with probabilities from which additional actions can be taken. Since quantum computing is frequently counterintuitive and substantially distinct from classical computing, the likelihood of mistakes is significantly larger. As a result, it is critical to ensure that quantum circuits have the correct features and perform as planned.

This can be accomplished using model checking, a formal verification approach used to ensure that systems meet desirable attributes. Although certain model checkers are specialized to quantum programs, there is a distinction between model-checking quantum programs and quantum circuits due to differences in representation and the absence of iterations in quantum circuits.

Considering the success of model-checking methods for verification of classical circuits, model-checking of quantum circuits is a promising approach. We developed a symbolic approach for model checking of quantum circuits using laws of quantum mechanics and basic matrix operations using the Maude programming language.

Canh Minh Do, Assistant Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Maude is a high-level specification/programming language based on rewriting logic that enables the formal definition and verification of complicated systems. It comes with a Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) model checker that determines if systems meet the necessary features. Maude also enables the development of exact mathematical models of systems.

Using the Dirac notation and the rules of quantum physics, the researchers formally defined quantum circuits in Maude as a set of quantum gates and measurement applications. They provided the systems intended attributes and its initial state in LTL.

By using a set of quantum physics laws and basic matrix operations formalized in our specifications, quantum computation can be reasoned in Maude.The researchers then automatically checked whether quantum circuits satisfied the required characteristics using the integrated Maude LTL model checker.

Using this method, several early quantum communication protocols, each with increasing complexity, were checked: Superdense Coding, Quantum Teleportation, Quantum Secret Sharing, Entanglement Swapping, Quantum Gate Teleportation, Two Mirror-image Teleportation, and Quantum Network Coding.

They discovered that the initial iteration did not meet the desired property of Quantum Gate Teleportation. By employing this method, the researchers suggested an updated version and verified that it was accurate.

These findings highlight the significance of the suggested novel technique for the verification of quantum circuits. However, the researchers highlight certain drawbacks of their strategy that need more investigation.

Dr. Do added, In the future, we aim to extend our symbolic reasoning to handle more quantum gates and more complicated reasoning on complex number operations. We also would like to apply our symbolic approach to model-checking quantum programs and quantum cryptography protocols.

Verifying the expected functionality of quantum circuits will be extremely useful in the approaching era of quantum computing. In this context, the current technique is the first step toward a broader framework for verifying and specifying quantum circuits, opening the way for error-free quantum computing.

The study was supported by JST SICORP Grant Number JPMJSC20C2, Japan, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP23H03370, JP23K19959, and JP24K20757.

Do, C. M., etal. (2024) Symbolic model checking quantum circuits in Maude. PeerJ Computer Science. doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2098

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The Road to Error-Free Quantum Computing - AZoQuantum

Insider Brief

A team of scientists said an innovative ensemble deep learning model combined with quantum machine learning classifiers might improve the accuracy and efficiency of Alzheimers disease (AD) classification, according to a study published in Nature.

The researchers, from the University of Gondar in Ethiopia, used the classifiers to investigate Alzheimers disease, a chronic neurodegenerative disorder. Early diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and treatment, potentially improving the quality of life for those affected. Traditional methods for diagnosing Alzheimers have limitations in accuracy and efficiency, prompting researchers to explore advanced technologies, such as quantum computing.

Quantum Computing and Deep Learning

Quantum computing offers a promising alternative to classical machine learning approaches for various disease classification tasks. Quantum computers, while still under development, can theoretically process complex data and perform calculations at a much faster rate, leveraging quantums unique potential to handle large datasets more efficiently and accurately.

The team leveraged this potential by developing a model that integrates deep learning architectures and quantum machine learning algorithms. This hybrid approach aims to enhance the precision and speed of Alzheimers diagnosis.

The study used data from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative I (ADNI1) and Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative II (ADNI2) datasets. These datasets, comprising MRI brain images, were merged and pre-processed to form the basis of the proposed model. Key features were extracted using a customized version of VGG16 and ResNet50 models. These features were then fed into a Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) classifier to categorize the data into four stages: non-demented, very mild demented, mild demented, and moderate demented.

The ensemble deep learning model combined the strengths of both VGG16 and ResNet50 architectures, deep learning architectures used for image recognition tasks. VGG16 is known for its simplicity and deep convolutional layers, while ResNet50 introduces residual connections to allow for training of very deep networks without performance degradation. The QSVM classifier provided the computational power of quantum algorithms. This combination aimed to enhance the overall performance of the classification model.

Evaluation and Results

The performance of the proposed model was evaluated using six metrics: accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), F1-score, precision and recall. The results demonstrated that the ensemble model significantly outperformed several state-of-the-art methods in detecting Alzheimers disease.

These results lean toward the superiority of the ensemble model with QSVM in accurately classifying AD stages from the merged ADNI dataset. Its important to note that the ResNet + QSVM model exhibited a 6% improvement in accuracy compared to the standalone ResNet model, while the proposed ensemble model showed 8.5% and 12.21% better results compared to other ensemble and SVM models, respectively.

The experiments were conducted using a Hewlett Packard Core i5, sixth-generation computer with 8 GB RAM, and a Google Colab Pro GPU.On the quantum side, the researchers relied on a 5-qubit quantum hardware or simulator, employing the QSVM model from the Qiskit library. This setup allowed for efficient processing and analysis of the MRI brain images, demonstrating the practical application of quantum computing in medical research.

Implications and Future Research

The study highlights the potential of combining quantum classifiers and ensemble learning to achieve effective outcomes in disease classification tasks. The integration of quantum machine learning classifiers with deep learning architectures can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of Alzheimers disease diagnosis.

However, the researchers acknowledge the need for further studies to evaluate the practical implementation of this model within medical devices. Future research could focus on integrating the proposed model into real-world medical settings, providing a significant solution to support primary care for Alzheimers disease, especially in cases where MRI scans are blurred or challenging to interpret.

The researchers include: researchers Abebech Jenber Belay, Yelkal Mulualem and elaku Bitew Haile, all of the department of Information Technology, College of Informatics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

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University of Gondar Scientists Say Quantum Computers Offer Promising Boost to Alzheimer's Diagnosis - The Quantum Insider