Tai chi (t'ai4 chi2 ch'an2, Wade-Giles; ti j qun, hanyu pinyin; tai ji chuan (Yale)) is een Chinese neijia vechtkunst.

Er bestaan binnen het tai chi verschillende stijlen, zoals de Chen-, Yang-, Wu- en Sun-stijl, waarbij de Yang-stijl voornamelijk langzaam wordt uitgevoerd en de Chen-stijl ook explosieve momenten in zich heeft. Deze stijlen zijn vaak weer onderverdeeld in diverse substijlen van leraren (sifu), die er hun eigen kennis, vaardigheid en ervaring aan toe hebben gevoegd. De bewegingen worden in een vaste volgorde uitgevoerd. De tai-chibeoefenaren spreken van vormen ( taolu). Elke stijl kent zijn eigen vormen, die van leraar op leerling worden overgedragen. Een vorm helemaal doorlopen duurt 3 tot 20 minuten. De langzame bewegingen, die vanuit de buik en vooral zeer ontspannen uitgevoerd worden, zijn kenmerkend voor tai chi. De Yang en Wu stijl zijn wat meer verinnerlijkt terwijl bijvoorbeeld in de Chen-stijl het zelfverdedigend karakter veel zichtbaarder aanwezig. Bij tai chi als zelfverdediging ligt de nadruk met name op zachtheid. Dit levert een belangrijke bijdrage aan de balansverstoring van de tegenstander. Zachtheid is ook noodzakelijk om in de beweging van de tegenstander mee te gaan en deze te kunnen neutraliseren. Uiteindelijk wordt de energie van de aanvaller weer 'terug gegeven'. Dit teruggeven kan op heel verschillende manieren en kan zeker ook als tegenaanval worden ervaren, hoewel in tai chi feitelijk gezien nooit sprake is van een tegenaanval. Van groot belang hierbij is het behouden van het eigen evenwicht of centrum. Zachtheid, ontspanning, alertheid, opgerichtheid etc. zijn hierbij onmisbaar. In veel stijlen worden ook zwaarden gebruikt, maar ook waaiers, speren en andere wapens komen voor.

Tai chi is gebaseerd op principes uit het taosme.

Tai chi verwijst naar een filosofie. Tai chi wordt vaak gebruikt als een verkorte naam voor t'ai chi ch'an, meestal vereenvoudigd tot tai chi chuan. Woord voor woord vertaald betekent dat letterlijk ultieme beste vuist (vechtmethode). Deze letterlijke vertaling is echter onvolledig. Tai Chi betekent het ene uiterste (ultieme) en het andere uiterste (beste) en verwijst daarmee naar de filosofie van Yin en Yang. Tai Chi Chuan betekent dus ongewapende krijgskunst gebaseerd op de filosofie van Yin en Yang.

Er zijn enige systemen die een poging doen de chinese karakters om te zetten in een westerse schrijfwijze. De meest voorkomende schrijfwijze is tai chi chuan. Deze schrijfwijze wordt Wade-Giles genoemd. Een tweede schrijfwijze is taiji quan of taijiquan. Deze schrijfwijze wordt hanyu pinyin genoemd. Een derde, ietwat minder bekend, is taiji chuan (Yale systeem). De uitspraak is voor alle drie dezelfde, en is bij benadering (fonetisch): thai dzjie tsjhwn. Met de klemtoon op het middelste woord, dat heel kort wordt uitgesproken. In het Nederlands is het echter meer gebruikelijk tai chi als 'tai-tsjie' uit te spreken.

De uitspraak en betekenis van chi is hier niet dezelfde als die in chi kung, waar chi de betekenis heeft van 'levensenergie', en in het Chinees uitgesproken wordt als "tsjie".

Hoewel tai chi bekendstaat als een zogenaamde zachte sport als onderdeel van wat in China wushu wordt genoemd, en de bewegingen meestal solitair worden uitgevoerd, worden er ook aan tai chi gerelateerde wedstrijden gehouden.

Een veel door tai chi beoefenaars gedane activiteit wordt aangeduid met de Engelse term pushing hands waarbij twee deelnemers elkaar uit hun evenwicht proberen te krijgen. Hierin worden ook internationaal wedstrijden gehouden. Andere wedstrijden worden gehouden in het zo goed mogelijk uitvoeren van de bewegingen van een stijl. De uitvoering wordt beoordeeld door een jury.[1]

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Tai chi - Wikipedia

In traditional Chinese culture, q or ch'i (q, also known as kh in Vietnamese culture, or ki in Korean culture, ki in Japanese culture, or or khiig in Mongolian culture, qi in Filipino culture, chi in Malay culture, or lmpr in Thai culture, chi in Indonesian culture, or aasaat in Burmese culture, or sivid in Lao culture, or chhi in Khmer culture and qi in Timorese culture) is an active principle forming part of any living thing.[1][2][3]Qi literally translates as "breath", "air", or "gas", and figuratively as "material energy", "life force", or "energy flow".[4]Qi is the central underlying principle in traditional Chinese medicine and martial arts.

Concepts similar to qi can be found in many cultures: prana in Hinduism (and elsewhere in Indian culture), chi in the Igbo religion, pneuma in ancient Greece, mana in Hawaiian culture, lng in Tibetan Buddhism, manitou in the culture of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, ruah in Jewish culture, and vital energy in Western philosophy.

Some elements of the concept of qi can be found in the term energy when used in the context of various esoteric forms of spirituality and alternative medicine. Elements of the concept can also be found in Western popular culture, for example "The Force" in Star Wars[5] and the related Jediism, a religion based on the Jedi and even in Eastern popular culture like Dragon Ball and One-Punch Man. Notions in the West of energeia, lan vital, or vitalism are purported to be similar.[6]

Despite widespread belief in the reality of Qi, it is a non-scientific, unverifiable concept.[4][7]

This cultural keyword q is analyzable in terms of Chinese and Sino-Xenic pronunciations, possible etymologies, the logographs , , and , various meanings ranging from "vapor" to "anger", and the English loanword qi or ch'i.

The logograph is read with two Chinese pronunciations, the usual q "air; vital energy" and the rare archaic x "to present food" (later disambiguated with ).

Pronunciations of in modern varieties of Chinese, from the infobox (see top right of page) with standardized IPA equivalents, include: Standard Chinese q /ti/, Wu Chinese qi /ti/, Southern Min kh /ki/, Eastern Min k /ki/, Standard Cantonese hei3 /hei/, and Hakka Chinese hi /hi/.

Pronunciations of in Sino-Xenic borrowings include: Japanese language ki, Korean language gi, and Vietnamese language khi.

Reconstructions of the Middle Chinese pronunciation of , standardized to IPA transcription, include: /keiH/ (Bernard Karlgren), /kiH/ (Wang Li), /kiiH/ (Li Rong), /kjH/ (Edwin Pulleyblank), and /kiH/ (Zhengzhang Shangfang).

Reconstructions of the Old Chinese pronunciation of , standardized to IPA transcription, include: /*kds/ (Zhengzhang Shangfang), and /*C.qp-s/ (William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart).

The etymology of q (reconstructed as Middle Chinese kjeiC and Old Chinese *k(t)s) "air; breath; vapor; vital principle", as well as its cognate ki (MC kiC and OC *kh(t)s) "sigh; angry", interconnects with Kharia kis "anger", Sora kissa "move with great effort", Khmer ks "strive after; endeavor", and Gyalrongic ks "anger".[8]

In East Asian languages, Chinese q "air; breath" has three logographs: is the traditional Chinese character, Korean hanja, and Japanese kyjitai "old character form" kanji; is the Japanese shinjitai "new character form" kanji, and is the simplified Chinese character. In addition, q is an uncommon character especially used in writing Daoist talismans. Historically, the word q was generally written as until the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), when it was replaced by the graph clarified with m "rice" indicating "steam (rising from rice as it cooks)".

This primary graph corresponds to the earliest written characters for q, which consisted of three wavy horizontal lines seen in Shang dynasty (c. 16001046 BCE) oracle bone script, Zhou dynasty (1046 BCE- 256 BCE) bronzeware script and large seal script, and Qin dynasty (221-206 BCE) small seal script. These oracle, bronze, and seal scripts graphs for q "air; breath; etc." were anciently used as a phonetic loan character to write q "plead for; beg; ask", which did not have an early character.

The vast majority of Chinese characters are classified as radical-phonetic characters, which combine a semantically suggestive "radical" or "signific" with a "phonetic" element approximating ancient pronunciation. For example, the widely known word do "the Dao; the way" graphically combines the "walk" radical with a shu "head" phoneticalthough the modern do and shu pronunciations are dissimilar, the Old Chinese *lu-s and *lu-s were alike. The regular script character q is unusual because q is both the "air radical" and the phonetic, with m "rice" semantically indicating "steam; vapor".

This q "air/gas radical", which was only used in a few native Chinese characters like ynyn "thick mist/smoke", was used to create new scientific characters for gaseous chemical elements. Some examples are based on pronunciations in European languages: f (with a f phonetic) "fluorine" and ni (with a ni phonetic) "neon"; others are based on semantics: qng (with a jng phonetic, abbreviating qng "light-weight") "hydrogen (the lightest element)" and l (with a l phonetic, abbreviating l "green") "(greenish-yellow) chlorine".

Q is the phonetic element in a few characters such as ki "hate" with the "heart-mind radical" or , x "set fire to weeds" with the "fire radical" , and x "to present food" with the "food radical" .

The first Chinese dictionary of characters, the (121 CE) Shuowen Jiezi notes that the primary q is a pictographic character depicting "cloudy vapors", and that the full combines "rice" with the phonetic qi , meaning "present provisions to guests" (later disambiguated as x ).

Qi is a polysemous word; the unabridged Chinese-Chinese character dictionary Hanyu Da Zidian lists one meaning "present food or provisions" for the x pronunciation and 23 meanings for the q pronunciation.[9] The modern ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary, which enters x "grain; animal feed; make a present of food" but not classical x , has a q entry giving seven translation equivalents for the noun, two for bound morphemes, and three for the verb.

n. air; gas smell spirit; vigor; morale vital/material energy (in Ch[inese] metaphysics) tone; atmosphere; attitude anger breath; respiration b.f. weather tinq [linguistics] aspiration sngq v. anger get angry bully; insult.[10]

Qi was an early Chinese loanword in English, romanized as: k'i in Church Romanization in the early-19th century, ch'i in WadeGiles in the mid-19th century (sometimes misspelled chi omitting the apostrophe indicating aspirated consonant stops, e.g., spelling the martial art ch'i kung as "chi kung"), and qi in Pinyin in the mid-20th century. The Oxford English Dictionary entry for qi gives the pronunciation as IPA (ti), the etymology from Chinese q "air; breath", and a definition of "The physical life-force postulated by certain Chinese philosophers; the material principle." The OED gives eight usage examples, with the first recorded example of k' in 1850 (The Chinese Repository),[11] of ch'i in 1917 (The Encyclopaedia Sinica),[12] and qi in 1971 (Felix Mann's Acupuncture)[13]

References to concepts analogous to the qi taken to be the life-process or flow of energy that sustains living beings are found in many belief systems, especially in Asia. Philosophical conceptions of qi from the earliest records of Chinese philosophy (5th century BCE) correspond to Western notions of humours, the ancient Hindu yogic concept of prana ("life force" in Sanskrit) and traditional Jewish sources refer to as the Nefesh level of soul within the body.[14] An early form of the idea comes from the writings of the Chinese philosopher Mencius (4th century BCE). Historically, the Huangdi Neijing/"The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine" (circa 2nd century BCE) is credited with first establishing the pathways through which qi circulates in the human body.[15][16]

Within the framework of Chinese thought, no notion may attain such a degree of abstraction from empirical data as to correspond perfectly to one of our modern universal concepts. Nevertheless, the term qi comes as close as possible to constituting a generic designation equivalent to our word "energy". When Chinese thinkers are unwilling or unable to fix the quality of an energetic phenomenon, the character qi () inevitably flows from their brushes.

The ancient Chinese described it as "life force". They believed qi permeated everything and linked their surroundings together. They likened it to the flow of energy around and through the body, forming a cohesive and functioning unit.[citation needed] By understanding its rhythm and flow they believed they could guide exercises and treatments to provide stability and longevity.[citation needed]

Although the concept of qi has been important within many Chinese philosophies, over the centuries the descriptions of qi have varied and have sometimes been in conflict.[citation needed] Until China came into contact with Western scientific and philosophical ideas, they had not categorized all things in terms of matter and energy.[citation needed]Qi and li (: "pattern") were 'fundamental' categories similar to matter and energy.[citation needed]

Fairly early on, some Chinese thinkers began to believe that there were different fractions of qi and that the coarsest and heaviest fractions of qi formed solids, lighter fractions formed liquids, and the most ethereal fractions were the "lifebreath" that animates living beings.[18]

Yun q is a notion of innate or pre-natal qi to distinguish it from acquired qi that a person may develop over the course of their lifetime.

The earliest texts that speak of qi give some indications of how the concept developed. The philosopher Mo Di used the word qi to refer to noxious vapors that would in due time arise from a corpse were it not buried at a sufficient depth.[19] He reported that early civilized humans learned how to live in houses to protect their qi from the moisture that had troubled them when they lived in caves.[20] He also associated maintaining one's qi with providing oneself adequate nutrition.[21] In regard to another kind of qi, he recorded how some people performed a kind of prognostication by observing the qi (clouds) in the sky.[22]

In the Analects of Confucius, compiled from the notes of his students sometime after his death in 479 B.C., qi could mean "breath",[23] and combining it with the Chinese word for blood (making , xue-qi, blood and breath), the concept could be used to account for motivational characteristics.

The [morally] noble man guards himself against 3 things. When he is young, his xue-qi has not yet stabilized, so he guards himself against sexual passion. When he reaches his prime, his xue-qi is not easily subdued, so he guards himself against combativeness. When he reaches old age, his xue-qi is already depleted, so he guards himself against acquisitiveness.

Confucius, Analects, 16:7

Mencius described a kind of qi that might be characterized as an individual's vital energies. This qi was necessary to activity and it could be controlled by a well-integrated willpower.[24] When properly nurtured, this qi was said to be capable of extending beyond the human body to reach throughout the universe.[24] It could also be augmented by means of careful exercise of one's moral capacities.[24] On the other hand, the qi of an individual could be degraded by adverse external forces that succeed in operating on that individual.[25]

Not only human beings and animals were believed to have qi. Zhuangzi indicated that wind is the qi of the Earth.[26] Moreover, cosmic yin and yang "are the greatest of qi."[27] He described qi as "issuing forth" and creating profound effects.[28] He said "Human beings are born [because of] the accumulation of qi. When it accumulates there is life. When it dissipates there is death... There is one qi that connects and pervades everything in the world."[29]

Another passage traces life to intercourse between Heaven and Earth: "The highest Yin is the most restrained. The highest Yang is the most exuberant. The restrained comes forth from Heaven. The exuberant issues forth from Earth. The two intertwine and penetrate forming a harmony, and [as a result] things are born."[30]

"The Guanzi essay Neiye (Inward training) is the oldest received writing on the subject of the cultivation of vapor [qi] and meditation techniques. The essay was probably composed at the Jixia Academy in Qi in the late fourth century B.C."[31]

Xun Zi, another Confucian scholar of the Jixia Academy, followed in later years. At 9:69/127, Xun Zi says, "Fire and water have qi but do not have life. Grasses and trees have life but do not have perceptivity. Fowl and beasts have perceptivity but do not have yi (sense of right and wrong, duty, justice). Men have qi, life, perceptivity, and yi." Chinese people at such an early time had no concept of radiant energy, but they were aware that one can be heated by a campfire from a distance away from the fire. They accounted for this phenomenon by claiming "qi" radiated from fire. At 18:62/122, he also uses "qi" to refer to the vital forces of the body that decline with advanced age.

Among the animals, the gibbon and the crane were considered experts at inhaling the qi. The Confucian scholar Dong Zhongshu (ca. 150 BC) wrote in Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals:[32] "The gibbon resembles a macaque, but he is larger, and his color is black. His forearms being long, he lives eight hundred years, because he is expert in controlling his breathing." ("")

Later, the syncretic text assembled under the direction of Liu An, the Huai Nan Zi, or "Masters of Huainan", has a passage that presages most of what is given greater detail by the Neo-Confucians:

Heaven (seen here as the ultimate source of all being) falls (duo , i.e., descends into proto-immanence) as the formless. Fleeting, fluttering, penetrating, amorphous it is, and so it is called the Supreme Luminary. The dao begins in the Void Brightening. The Void Brightening produces the universe (yu-zhou). The universe produces qi. Qi has bounds. The clear, yang [qi] was ethereal and so formed heaven. The heavy, turbid [qi] was congealed and impeded and so formed earth. The conjunction of the clear, yang [qi] was fluid and easy. The conjunction of the heavy, turbid [qi] was strained and difficult. So heaven was formed first and earth was made fast later. The pervading essence (xi-jing) of heaven and earth becomes yin and yang. The concentrated (zhuan) essences of yin and yang become the four seasons. The dispersed (san) essences of the four seasons become the myriad creatures. The hot qi of yang in accumulating produces fire. The essence (jing) of the fire-qi becomes the sun. The cold qi of yin in accumulating produces water. The essence of the water-qi becomes the moon. The essences produced by coitus (yin) of the sun and moon become the stars and celestial markpoints (chen, planets).

Huai-nan-zi, 3:1a/19

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) asserts that the body has natural patterns of qi that circulate in channels called meridians.[33] In TCM, symptoms of various illnesses are believed to be the product of disrupted, blocked, or unbalanced qi movement through the body's meridians, as well as deficiencies or imbalances of qi in the Zang Fu organs.[34] Traditional Chinese medicine often seeks to relieve these imbalances by adjusting the circulation of qi using a variety of techniques including herbology, food therapy, physical training regimens (qigong, t'ai chi ch'uan, and other martial arts training),[35]moxibustion, tui na, and acupuncture.[36]

A qi field (chu-chong) refers to the cultivation of an energy field by a group, typically for healing or other benevolent purposes. A qi field is believed to be produced by visualization and affirmation, and is an important component of Wisdom Healing Qigong (Zhineng Qigong), founded by Grandmaster Ming Pang.[37][38][39]

Qi is a non-scientific, unverifiable concept.[4]

A United States National Institutes of Health consensus statement on acupuncture in 1997 noted that concepts such as qi "are difficult to reconcile with contemporary biomedical information."[40]

The April 22, 2014 Skeptoid podcast episode titled "Your Body's Alleged Energy Fields" relates a Reiki practitioner's report of what was happening as she passed her hands over a subject's body:

What we'll be looking for here, within John's auric field, is any areas of intense heat, unusual coldness, a repelling energy, a dense energy, a magnetizing energy, tingling sensations, or actually the body attracting the hands into that area where it needs the reiki energy, and balancing of John's qi.[7]

Evaluating these claims scientific skeptic author Brian Dunning reported:

...his aura, his qi, his reiki energy. None of these have any counterpart in the physical world. Although she attempted to describe their properties as heat or magnetism, those properties are already taken by - well, heat and magnetism. There are no properties attributable to the mysterious field she describes, thus it cannot be authoritatively said to exist."[7]

The traditional Chinese art of geomancy, the placement and arrangement of space called feng shui, is based on calculating the balance of qi, interactions between the five elements, yin and yang, and other factors. The retention or dissipation of qi is believed to affect the health, wealth, energy level, luck and many other aspects of the occupants of the space. Attributes of each item in a space affect the flow of qi by slowing it down, redirecting it or accelerating it, which is said to influence the energy level of the occupants.

One use for a luopan is to detect the flow of qi.[41] The quality of qi may rise and fall over time, feng shui with a compass might be considered a form of divination that assesses the quality of the local environment.

Qgng ( or ) is a practice involving coordinated breathing, movement, and awareness, traditionally viewed as a practice to cultivate and balance qi. With roots in traditional Chinese medicine, philosophy, and martial arts, qigong is now practiced worldwide for exercise, healing, meditation, and training for martial arts. Typically a qigong practice involves rhythmic breathing coordinated with slow stylized movement, a calm mindful state, and visualization of guiding qi.[42][43][44]

Qi is a didactic concept in many Chinese, Korean and Japanese martial arts. Martial qigong is a feature of both internal and external training systems in China[45] and other East Asian cultures.[46] The most notable of the qi-focused "internal" force (jin) martial arts are Baguazhang, Xing Yi Quan, T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Southern Praying Mantis, Snake Kung Fu, Southern Dragon Kung Fu, Aikido, Kendo, Aikijujutsu, Luohan Quan and Liu He Ba Fa.

Demonstrations of qi or ki are popular in some martial arts and may include the immovable body, the unraisable body, the unbendable arm, and other feats of power. Some of these feats can alternatively be explained using biomechanics and physics.[47]

Acupuncture is a part of traditional Chinese medicine that involves insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body (skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles) at acupuncture points to balance the flow of qi. Acupuncture is often accompanied by moxibustion, a treatment that involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupuncture point.

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Qi - Wikipedia

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CONSTRUCTION on the Dawei project - the weakest link of the East-West Economic Corridor - should revive after being stalled for more than a year, as Thailand is expected to rejoin talks with Myanmar this week.

There have been several meetings between the two countries over the project since July. A source who is close to the project said a meeting of the Myanmar-Thailand Joint Coordinating Committee (JCC) had been set for this Thursday and Friday.

The source added that a deal should be concluded after the meeting.

The Myanmar government completed its tendering for the project - with only Thailand taking part in the bidding - at the end of October.

The JCC, which is chaired by a ministerial officer from each side, is responsible for comprehensive development in the Dawei Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and related project areas.

The committee was set up during the Yingluck Shinawatra administration, as it stepped in to take over the project after Thai private construction firm Italian-Thai Development (ITD) gave up its struggle to finance the mega-project. Originally, ITD was awarded a 75-year concession in 2008 to develop the deep-sea port in Dawei, with an industrial zone, infrastructure and buildings.

Since then, the project has been scaled down to 27 square kilometres for a first phase worth Bt30 billion, compared with 205 sq km originally - 10 times the size of Map Ta Phut in Thailand - worth about Bt240 billion. At the initial stage, ITD is expected to develop some parts of the industrial zone. But the country's largest contractor can still bid for future Dawei work.

The source said ITD president Premchai Karnasuta went to Myanmar two weeks ago and discussed the project with Myanmar government officials.

Aye Myint, Myanmar's minister for labour, employment and social security, said in late October that he was still holding talks with ITD and its partner company to operate some smaller projects such as roads, ports, housing and a mini industrial zone.

He said evaluations of the project's importance to the Mekong-India corridor, the size of the industrial segment of the project, participation of the government and the private sector, and environmental and social impact assessments were being conducted. After that, Japan would join the project.

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Dawei construction could be back on track soon

C mt khong cch kh xa gia nhng c m p ca cc bn tr Vit Nam, v vic hin thc ha gic m y. i tm nguyn nhn ca tnh trng ny l ni dung cuc ta m nh vi cc khch mi: PGS, TS Nguyn Hong nh (i hc Ngoi thng H Ni), b Mai Huyn Chi (Tng Bin tp trang tin tc ting Vit ca tp on Microsoft) v b Trn Lan Hng (Chuyn gia Hun luyn Dinh dng v Sc khe c Chng nhn bi Hip hi tr liu khng dng thuc Hoa K AADPS).

- Nhiu ngi cho rng, gii tr Vit Nam ngy nay t chu dn thn.

Quan im ca ng/b v vn ny?

- PGS, TS Nguyn Hong nh: Ti ng vi nhn nh . Gii tr ngy nay cng c nhng ngi chu dn thn, nhng s ny l qu him hoi. Ch yu, vn l nhng ngi tm kim s an ton trong cuc sng. Ti chng kin nhiu bn tr chp nhn dn thn, nhng ci h i li ch l nhng dm pha v hoi nghi.

- B Mai Huyn Chi: Vn c mt s ngi tr dm dn thn. Tt nhin khng nhiu, nhng s ny vn ang gia tng. l nhng ngi c c hi tip cn nhng nn vn ha khc, thng tin khc. H khng gi gn mnh vo nhng np c, cch suy ngh c, v h hiu mi th khng ch c mt cch hiu, mt cch lm.

- B Trn Lan Hng:Ti ngh y l kt qu ca mt nn gio dc th ng, thy c, tr chp, hc thuc lng min sao i thi , khng khuyn khch s sng to ca hc tr. Mt mi trng x hi cn e d s khc bit, s tch mnh ra khi m ng s gp bt li cng gp phn to ra tm l an phn v thui cht s dn thn.

- Dn thn c phi l phm cht cn c ca cc bn tr? V iu l bm sinh, hay do s rn luyn v tc ng ca mi trng?

- PGS, TS Nguyn Hong nh: Tt nhin l cn. Tng lai ca nn kinh t c xc nh l trng ch vo nn cng nghip sng to. V v th, phi c cc bn tr dm dn thn, dm chp nhn sai lm to ra thnh qu. y khng th l vn bm sinh, m phi do rn luyn v tc ng ca mi trng.

- B Mai Huyn Chi: Karl Marx nh ngha rng "Con ngi l tng ha cc mi quan h x hi", tc l mi trng c vai tr quyt nh trong vic hnh thnh con ngi, dn thn khng th l mt phm cht bm sinh. V ti cho rng vi tui tr, th phm cht ny l v cng cn thit c th trng thnh.

- B Trn Lan Hng: Khi thi lm cho Tng lnh s qun (TLSQ) M v cc qu u t, i hc li v chuyn sang dy v dinh dng, sc khe v thin, ti khng bit l s dn thn m ch n gin l i tm mt cng vic ph hp hn vi s trng v cc gi tr sng ca mnh. Theo ti, dn thn va l mt t cht bm sinh va l kt qu ca mi trng gio dc v t rn luyn.

Read the original here:
Nhn thc v thi

c Tuoi Tre cung cp

Gi xng du gim mnh nhng gi cc vn chuyn gim khng tng ng ko theo nhiu mt hng khc khng gim. Trong khi c quan qun l lng tng, khng ai khc, chnh ngi dn ang phi gng gnh nhng khon chi v l ny.

Cho n sng 28-12, bc chn vo ch, nhiu b ni tr vn khng khi bt ng bi nhiu ngi bn vn cn thi v cm vi gi xng. Vi h, xng du tng gim khng tc ng g n gi hng ha v khng ng bao nhiu.

ng rng gi cc vn chuyn ch chim mt phn trong c cu gi thnh sn phm bn ra, tuy nhin mt nh xe vn chuyn hng t min Ty v TP.HCM tit kim c 100.000-150.000 ng/chuyn, tng t hng t Lt v TP.HCM vi mc gim gi xng du nh hin nay s tit kim c 170.000-200.000 ng/chuyn.

Vi mc gim ny chc chn chi ph vn chuyn t ch u mi v ch l gim thm 30% do gi xng du gim, v vy gi hng ha khi n tay ngi tiu dng t nhiu cng phi c gim gi. Th nhng ngi bn a ra v vn l do nh yu t thi v lm gi hng ha tng, sc mua yu nn phi gi gi n nh li nhun...

Trc tnh hnh , B Ti chnh ngay lp tc ra cng vn ha tc ngh cc b, ngnh a phng phi hp kim tra vic k khai gi cc vn ti. Phn ng tc thi ca B Ti chnh c cho l ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t khi phn ln n v vn ti chm chp trong iu chnh gi cc.

Tuy nhin, cng vn ny mi ch ngh kim tra gi cc vn chuyn bng t, trong khi vic kim sot gi c hng ha chu tc ng t chi ph vn chuyn ngoi th trng cng gn nh b ng. n nay mi ch ring S Ti chnh TP.HCM cho bit c phng n gim gi hng bnh n t 5-10%.

V nguyn tc, gi hng ha lu thng trn th trng c nh ot bng yu t cung cu, tc l do th trng quyt nh.

Tuy nhin trc tnh hnh bin ng ln nh hin nay, vi vai tr qun l ca mnh, cc c quan nh s ti chnh, s cng thng c cng c php l nh bin php hnh chnh l kim tra, r sot vic nim yt gi hng ha v bin php kinh t l tnh ton chi ph hp l, chi ph c li ca ngi bn c phng n kim sot gi c cho ph hp, ng vi tnh hnh thc t.

Vi vai tr qun l, ngay lc ny s cng thng cc a phng cng cn phi vo cuc to mi trng cnh tranh cho sn phm bng cch kim tra cht ch, ng thi kch thch gi c cc trung tm thng mi, siu th, im bn hng...

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Cu chuyn kinh doanh: gi hng ha gim cng gi xng?

Lao ng Qu ETF liu c nh k vng?

Mi y, S GDCK H Ni cho nim yt 10.100.000 chng ch qu ETF SSIAM-HNX30 (m chng khon E1SSHN30) ca Cty TNHH Qun l qu SSI, tng ng gi tr 101 t ng. E1SSHN30 l chng ch qu ETF u tin m phng theo ch s HNX30 vi gi tr pht hnh 101 t ng, mnh gi 10.000 ng/chng ch qu. Vi vic gi ETF SSIAM HNX30, nh u t c c hi u t vo r c phiu HNX30 r c phiu mang tnh i din cho ton b cc c phiu nim yt trn S GDCK H Ni. Ngoi Qu ETF SSIAM HNX30, SSIAM ang qun l 4 qu v 1 danh mc u t.

Nh vy, trong hn mt nm qua, TTCK chng kin s ra i ca 15 qu m v 2 qu ETF. Tuy nhin, VFMVN30 sau khi nim yt trn HOSE, th gi chng ch qu gn y b ri xung di mnh gi, thanh khon o ut, khin gii u t nghi ng v tnh hp dn ca qu ETF. Theo cng b ca VFM, gi tr ti sn rng ETF VFMVN30 n ngy 10.12 ch cn hn 191 t ng - gim hn 10 t ng so vi mc 202 t ng gi tr vn huy ng ban u. Theo , mi chng ch qu ch cn 9.458 ng (mnh gi ti thi im pht hnh l 10.000 ng). Trong khi , ETF VFMVN30 thi gian qua mi phin ch giao dch khong vi trm ngn chng ch qu, thm ch nhiu phin ch c vi chc ngn chng ch qu c chuyn nhng. y l t l kh nh so vi tng khi lng hn 20 triu chng ch qu ang nim yt.

Theo quan im ca mt s nh u t, vic mua chng ch qu ETFs t th trng s cp l rt kh vi cc nh u t nh l, do khi pht hnh ETFs c giao dch bng danh mc chng khon c cu m phng theo danh mc ca ch s tham chiu c chp thun, v phi mua theo l ti thiu 100.000 chng ch qu/l... Cc nh u t cho rng khi u t vo qu ETF th phi theo di c iNAV v NAV ca qu, khng n gin nh c phiu bnh thng nn vi nhng ngi cha thnh tho vic u t th phi t t.

Theo nhiu nh phn tch, cng cn c thi gian NT lm quen vi cch giao dch, cm nhn mt mnh - yu ca qu ETF. Ti Vit Nam, khi nim ETF vn cn kh mi m v nh u t cn e ngi khi tip cn. Tuy nhin, t kinh nghim ca nhiu th trng trn th gii, cc chuyn gia cho rng s kh khn ny s dn qua i. iu ny c chng minh qua s lng cc qu ETF, cng nh gi tr vn m cc qu ny huy ng c trong nhng nm gn y tng rt mnh.

Ph Tng Gim c HNX - ng Nguyn Anh Phong - nhn xt, ln sng mi t qu ETF ha hn mang n nhiu la chn c hi cho TTCK Vit Nam. Nhiu chuyn gia nhn nh, ri nh u t s cp nht kin thc v sn phm ny, tr nn quen thuc hn v nhn thy nhng u im ca n nh kh nng phn tn ri ro, tnh minh bch cao, danh mc u t c a dng ha, c ch giao dch linh hot tin ch v chi ph giao dch thp.

Bn cnh , do khng hn ch nh u t ngoi nn nhng c phiu ht room cho khi ngoi, nh u t ngoi c th tng thm t l s hu nh mua chng ch qu ETFs. u im hn na, l c ch hot ng ca qu ETFs h tr giao dch arbitrage (hot ng u c kim li do c s chnh lch gi). y l hnh thc giao dch pht hnh/mua li c trng ca chng ch qu ETF, da trn s chnh lch gia gi th trng CCQ ETF v gi tr ti sn rng (NAV).

Tuy nhin, cc chuyn gia cho rng cc qu cng cn c nhng ng thi nng ng hn na c th gi nhp th trng v thu ht nh u t tham gia tch cc hn.

Excerpt from:
Qu ETF liu c nh k vng?

What is tai chi?Sometimes called "Chinese shadow boxing," tai chi is a gentle form of martial art and exercise that involves a formal series of flowing, graceful, slow-motion movements designed to harmonize the circulation of "chi" around the body. Chi, also rendered as ch'i or qi, is a term from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used to describe an energy flow that pervades the universe and sustains the living beings within it. It is a controversial concept in Western medicine, as chi has not thus far been detected via conventional laboratory techniques.

The term "tai chi" refers to the energy achieved by perfectly balancing yin with yang - held by TCM to be the two essential forces of the universe.

Regardless of whether one accepts TCM's conceptual framework, tai chi can serve as a healthy form of low-impact exercise that can help to develop strength, balance and flexibility.

What can tai chi do for health maintenance and health conditions?Tai chi is a healthy form of movement, especially for those with osteoarthritis or other musculoskeletal impairments. It can build core strength and improve lower limb musculature, as well as improving posture, balance, flexibility, and mobility. Tai chi can facilitate relaxation and focus even while executing the moves, and synchronizes the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. It helps to develop concentration and coordination, and can help reduce the risk of falls in the elderly. Because it promotes calming and relaxation, tai chi can be useful for conditions caused or worsened by stress and anxiety, such as hypertension, pain syndromes brought on by muscle tension and insomnia.

A study published in the August 19, 2010, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine suggested tai chi can be beneficial for relief of fibromyalgia, a condition characterized by chronic pain and fatigue. In addition, a recent review published in the July-August, 2010, issue of the American Journal of Health Promotion concluded that both tai chi and qigong (another movement-based TCM practice said to balance chi) were acceptable alternatives to traditional forms of exercise.

What should one expect on a visit to a practitioner of tai chi?Since you will be moving your body, it is important to dress appropriately in clothing that allows freedom of movement. Tai chi typically starts with a five to 10 minute warm-up designed to center oneself, focus on breathing and awaken the flow of chi. The instructor will then take you through a series of movements - often with unique names like "Wild Goose Looks for Food" or "Stomping on the Tiger's Tail" - most performed in continuous, circular motions, while focusing on breath and posture. These movements will often last 25-30 minutes, typically ending with a five to 10 minute cool-down.

Another way to practice tai chi is through video instruction. A variety of DVDs is available to access various tai chi and qigong methods, and a search for the term "tai chi" in Google's video search yields 278,000 results. These can be helpful alternatives when one can't find classes or trainers. Obviously, however, videos do not offer the kinds of hands-on application and management of proper form that an instructor might.

Are there any side effects or situations in which tai chi should be avoided?Anyone with an existing health condition is well advised to consult their physician before beginning any exercise program. Having said that, tai chi is perhaps the lowest impact exercise in popular use. It is extremely gentle, can be done standing or sitting, and can be used even for those with relatively fragile constitutions if done carefully with minimal if any side effects.

Is there a governing body that oversees or credentials practitioners in tai chi?The American Tai Chi and Qigong Association (ATCQA) offers a certification program. The ATCQU has a code of ethics and offers different levels of certification from practitioner to instructor, each with specific requirements for hours of study and practice, references, and continuing education to maintain qualifications.

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Tai Chi - Dr. Weil's Wellness Therapies

Lao ng Gi xng gim mnh, gi thc phm o o tng

Hm 22.12, gi xng gim k lc vi mc gi 2.000 ng/lt xng RON 92. y l ln th 12 xng gim trong nm vi tng s tin gim ln n 7.769 ng/lt ko gi xng xung cn 17.880 ng/lt. Nhng tng ng thi xng gim nh vy s tc ng ko gi hng ho, c th l thc phm gim theo, nhng theo kho st ti mt s ch H Ni ngy 26.12, 4 ngy sau t gim mi nht ca xng du, th gi hng ho gn nh bt ng, thm ch nhiu nhm hng ho li cn c du hiu tng so vi trc vi l do "thi tit trong khi , vi mi ln xng tng trc y, hng ho c c nc lm ti tng mnh, n theo gi xng.

Theo kho st hu ht cc mt hng u trong trng thi neo gi. Ch c mt s t thc phm ti cc siu th trong chng trnh bnh n gi mi c ng thi gim nhng khng ng k. C th, gi trng c gim 100 ng/qu, tht gim t 2.000 3.000 ng/kg.

Ti mt s ch nh ch H ng, ch Phng Khoang, ch tm Ng T S, gi tht ln lun nm trong khong 100.000 110.000 ng/kg, tht b th vi dim thn c gi t 220.000 250.000 ng/kg, b bp c gi 280.000 ng/kg cn b thn gi 300.000 ng/kg. Tht g ta (lm sn) tng 10.000 ng/kg (t 130.000 ng ln 140.000 ng/kg) cch y 10 ngy v cho n hin nay th khng c du hiu gim.

Cc loi rau qu cng tng gi. Cc loi rau gip v nh rau mung t 9.000 ng tng thm 1.000 ng n 3.000 ng/m, c chua ang mc cao, bn vi gi 16.000 ng/kg, rau ngt bn l 6.000 ng/m, ci ngng l 15.000 ng/kg cn nhng loi rau c qu v ng nh khoai ty c gi tm 20.000 22.000 ng/kg, su ho c gi 5.000 ng/c.

L gii nguyn nhn gi thc phm ch tng ch khng gim theo xng, mt s tiu thng cho bit, gi khng gim l do ph vn chuyn vn nh c. Cha k sp n dp l Tt, nhu cu thc phm tng cao trong khi ngun cung li mun gm hng ch cn l hn mi bung cho c gi khin hng ho b khan him, ri th gi rau c qu tri ma nn gi c ng nhin phi cao.

ng V Vinh Ph, Ch tch Hip hi siu th H Ni tha nhn rng nim vui gi xng gim su ca ngi dn vn cha c trn vn bi gi hng ha, vn ti tuy gim nhng cha c tng xng vi vic gi xng gim gn 30%.

C quan qun l Nh nc c th kim sot gi thnh cc n v ln v vn ti, kinh doanh hng ha h gi xung nhn dp Tt v ngy l sp ti, v gi c hng ha ang mc mc cao v l, ng by t./.

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Gi xng gim mnh, gi thc phm o o tng