HOBOKEN, N.J., June 27, 2024 /PRNewswire/ --Quantum Computing Inc. (NASDAQ: QUBT) ("QCi" or the "Company"), an innovative quantum optics and nanophotonics technology company, today announced that it received a notice (the "Notice") from Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") that the Company had failed to satisfy a standard for continued listing, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1), because the Company did not timely file its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024 (the "Form 10-Q") with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

The Notice states that the Company has until August 23, 2024 to submit to Nasdaq a plan to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules. If Nasdaq accepts the Company's plan, then Nasdaq may grant the Company up to 180 calendar days from the filing's due date, or until December 16, 2024, for filing the Form 10-Q to regain compliance. If the Company fails to timely regain compliance, the Company's ordinary shares will be subject to delisting from Nasdaq.

As previously reported, effective May 3, 2024, the Company dismissed BF Borgers CPA PC ("BF Borgers") as its independent registered public accounting firm, in parallel with an order by the SEC against BF Borgers, and effective June 6, 2024, appointed BPM LLP ("BPM") as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm. The Company plans to file its Form 10-Q as soon as practicable after completion of BPM's audit of the Company's consolidated financial statements for its 2023 fiscal year.

This announcement is made in compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(b), which requires prompt public disclosure of the deficiency.

About Quantum Computing Inc.

Quantum Computing Inc. (QCi) (Nasdaq:QUBT) is an innovative, integrated photonics company that provides accessible and affordable quantum machines to the world today. QCi products are designed to operate at room temperature and low power at an affordable cost. The Company's portfolio of core technology and products offer unique capabilities in the areas of high-performance computing, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity as well as remote sensing applications.

For more information about QCi, visitwww.quantumcomputinginc.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain information contained in this report consists of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Words such as "will," "would," "may," "intends," "potential," and similar expressions, or the use of future tense, identify forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance and actual actions or events could differ materially from those contained in such statements. For example, there can be no assurance that the Company will regain compliance with the Rule during any compliance period or in the future, or otherwise meet Nasdaq compliance standards, that the Company will be eligible for a second compliance period, or that Nasdaq will grant the Company any relief from delisting as necessary or that the Company can ultimately meet applicable Nasdaq requirements for any such relief. The forward-looking statements contained in this report speak only as of the date of this report and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in information, events or circumstances after the date of this report, unless required by law.

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Quantum Computing Inc. Announces Receipt of Nasdaq Non-Compliance Notice - Yahoo Finance

Artistic rendition of a quantum simulation of 1T-TaS2 being performed on the quantum processing unit of a quantum annealer. Credit: Jozef Stefan Institute / Jaka Vodeb und Yevhenii Vaskivskyi, edited

Scientists have utilized a quantum annealer to simulate quantum materials effectively, marking a crucial development in applying quantum computing in material science and enhancing quantum memory device performance.

Physicists have long been pursuing the idea of simulating quantum particles with a computer that is itself made up of quantum particles. This is exactly what scientists at Forschungszentrum Jlich have done together with colleagues from Slovenia. They used a quantum annealer to model a real-life quantum material and showed that the quantum annealer can directly mirror the microscopic interactions of electrons in the material. The result is a significant advancement in the field, showcasing the practical applicability of quantum computing in solving complex material science problems. Furthermore, the researchers discovered factors that can improve the durability and energy efficiency of quantum memory devices.

In the early 1980s, Richard Feynman asked whether it was possible to model nature accurately using a classical computer. His answer was: No. The world consists of fundamental particles, described by the principles of quantum physics. The exponential growth of the variables that must be included in the calculations pushes even the most powerful supercomputers to their limits. Instead, Feynman suggested using a computer that was itself made up of quantum particles. With his vision, Feynman is considered by many to be the Father of the Quantum Computing.

Scientists at Forschungszentrum Jlich, together with colleagues from Slovenian institutions, have now shown that this vision can actually be put into practice. The application they are looking at is a so-called many-body system. Such systems describe the behavior of a large number of particles that interact with each other. In the context of quantum physics, they help to explain phenomena such as superconductivity or quantum phase transitions at absolute zero. At a temperature of 0 Kelvin, instead of thermal fluctuations, only quantum fluctuations occur when a physical parameter like the magnetic field changes.

D-Wave Quantum Annealer JUPSI at Forschungszentrum Jlich. Credit: Forschungszentrum Jlich / Sascha Kreklau

One challenge in researching quantum materials is to quantitatively measure and model the phase transitions of many-body systems, explains Dragan Mihailovi from the Joef Stefan Institute in Slovenia. In this study, the scientists investigated the quantum material 1T-TaS2, which is used in a wide range of applications, including superconducting electronics and energy-efficient storage devices.

Jaka Vodeb from the Jlich Supercomputing Centre describes the approach: We have placed the system in a non-equilibrium state and observed how the electrons in the solid-state lattice rearrange themselves after a non-equilibrium phase transition, both experimentally and through simulations.

All calculations were conducted using the quantum annealer from the company D-Wave, which is integrated into the Jlich Unified Infrastructure for Quantum Computing, JUNIQ.

The researchers could successfully model the crossover from temperature-driven to noisy quantum fluctuation dominated dynamics. Furthermore, the scientists demonstrated that the quantum annealers qubit interconnections can directly mirror the microscopic interactions between electrons in a quantum material. Only one single parameter in the quantum annealer must be modified. The outcome aligns closely with the experimental findings.

However, the research also has practical applications. For instance, a deeper understanding of 1T-TaS2-based memory devices can lead to a practical quantum memory device, implemented directly on a quantum processing unit (QPU). Such devices can contribute to the development of energy-efficient electronic devices, thereby significantly reducing the energy consumption of computing systems.

The research highlights the potential of quantum annealers in solving practical problems, paving the way for their broader application in various fields such as cryptography, material science, and complex system simulations. Moreover, the findings have direct implications for the development of energy-efficient quantum memory devices.

Reference: Non-equilibrium quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in a two-dimensional electronic crystal and a quantum annealer by Jaka Vodeb, Michele Diego, Yevhenii Vaskivskyi, Leonard Logaric, Yaroslav Gerasimenko, Viktor Kabanov, Benjamin Lipovsek, Marko Topic and Dragan Mihailovic, 6 June 2024, Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49179-z

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Quantum Annealers Unravel the Mysteries of Many-Body Systems - SciTechDaily

The invention of quantum computers poses a global threat to internet security. This is because they have the processing power necessary to break the majority of the encryption algorithms that currently protect most of the worlds data. They achieve this by using quantum physics to perform a lot more efficiently than traditional supercomputers.

Before you panic, its worth noting that, as it stands, quantum computers are only being used for research purposes, so youre unlikely to find one outside of a research center, such as a university, research lab, or supercomputer center. But experts are predicting that at some point in the next five years, this will change and quantum computers will start being used to break the encryption that has, up until now, kept most of the sensitive data on the internet from being hacked. This event is referred to as Q-day.

When this happens, everything from photos, private emails, and medical records to government files, business documents, and banking details will be vulnerable. So its likely to have huge and far-reaching consequences, causing political, financial, and social chaos around the world. It will also make it much easier to scam unsuspecting victims, as hackers will be able to use private details to make phishing scams a lot more believable.

Thankfully, there is a way you can protect your data from Q-day. Cyber security experts have already developed a range of post-quantum algorithms that will offer sufficient data protection against quantum computers. This level of security is available now to anyone. All you need to do is sign up for a VPN with post-quantum encryption.

Well use this article to explain the risks in much more detail and recommend VPNs you can get right now that already come future-proofed with robust post-quantum protection. So read on to learn all you need to know.

At the moment, your data should be fairly secure, particularly if you use a reputable VPN to encrypt your traffic. However, it might not stay that way for long, as quantum computers pose a significant cyber security threat to most online data. This is because these machines use quantum physics to make their computations infinitely more efficient than those of a traditional supercomputer.

Referred to as Q-day, experts are predicting that this day will happen at some point in the next five years. So while your data is probably safe for the time being, it probably wont be secure once Q-day happens.

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If you rely on traditional forms of encryption, Q-day will jeopardize all your online information. This includes everything from your documents, photos, and emails to your banking details, work documents, and your internet search history.

However, its important to know that your data doesnt have to be compromised. There are already post-quantum algorithms to protect against attacks from quantum computers. You can get this level of security today by signing up to a VPN that offers post-quantum encryption. Weve recommended our favorite picks further down the page.

While Q-day cant be prevented as such, given that quantum computers will become more powerful and more widely used, the impact of it can be dramatically reduced. To achieve this, experts have been working on post-quantum encryption. As the name suggests, this is a form of cryptography thats powerful enough to protect against hacks from quantum computers.

Q-day is predicted to happen at some point in the next five years. So, while the threat isnt necessarily imminent, its a very sensible idea to prepare for Q-day by securing your data with quantum-resistant encryption. This type of security is already available from a select number of VPN providers, so you can safeguard your data from today.

There are several different types of post-quantum algorithms that can protect your data from quantum computers and prevent your data from Q-day.

The best thing you can do to protect your data from quantum computer attacks that will happen on Q-day and beyond is to use a VPN that comes with post-quantum encryption. These algorithms have been specifically designed to be unbreakable, even by quantum computers, meaning that they can give the required level of protection to guard against Q-day.

But its important to note that not all VPNs (even the best VPNs) offer post-quantum protection. In fact, the majority of providers havent yet built this into their protocols. So even if you use a VPN, its quite possible your data will be vulnerable to attack by quantum computers.

Q-day is predicted to happen at some point in the next five years. So while the threat might not be immediate, its important to protect your data against Q-day, as we dont yet know when its going to happen. So the most prudent thing you can do is sign up for a VPN that offers post-quantum encryption. This is especially important if youre looking to save money by signing up for a long-term subscription. That way, no matter when Q-day happens, your data will be protected.

As we mentioned, there are a select number of VPNs with post-quantum encryption that will future-proof your cyber security. Here, weve compiled a list of reputable ones that will keep your data safe from Q-day. Well also explain what type of encryption each VPN uses to help you make an informed choice.

If youve read any of our other VPN guides, youll be used to seeing ExpressVPNs name being mentioned as one of the very best VPNs. This is largely because of its ability to deliver market-leading security, along with fast speeds, and a great user experience. But, unlike a lot of its direct competitors, ExpressVPN stands out by offering quantum-resistant encryption, thereby giving users much more sophisticated protection than youd find on most other providers.

As with most VPNs, ExpressVPN uses AES 256-bit encryption, which is sufficient to protect against attacks from classical computers. But it also goes a step further with its very own open-source Lightway protocol, which has built-in post-quantum algorithms. These are too powerful to be broken by quantum computers.

If this isnt enough to put your mind at ease, the Lightway protocol has undergone independent auditing twice in the last couple of years by Cure53. It passed both with flying colors, therefore proving that its every bit as secure as ExpressVPN has claimed.

You might be concerned that such sophisticated encryption might slow down any traffic using the Lightway protocol. But actually, it performed really well in our speed tests, coming in at 410 Mbps. This speed will be more than fast enough for anything youd want to do online, including streaming, online gaming, and video editing.

But the Lightway protocol isnt the only reason why ExpressVPN comes so highly recommended. It also delivers everything else you could want from a VPN, including the ability to unblock region-restricted content with ease, as well as helpful customer support, and a fleet of strong servers.

QSTVPN has integrated post-quantum encryption into its VPN connections to protect user data from quantum computers, as well as classical computers. So its a great choice if youre looking to keep your data safe now and into the future.

Despite its additional security, QSTVPN delivers fast and reliable speeds that will lead to a smooth online experience.

If youre concerned about cyber security in a post-Q-day world, QAL VPN could be the perfect solution to protect your business from hackers. It offers a number of post-quantum algorithms to provide plenty of protection against quantum machines. The provider utilizes three lattice-based algorithms, as well as its SPHINCS+ cryptography, which uses hash-based functions. So its definitely one of the most future-proofed business options around.

However, because its a VPN designed for large businesses, its probably not the ideal solution if you want one for individual use. But if youre looking for something to protect your organization from the ramifications of Q-day, it could be the ideal choice for you.

If youre primarily a desktop user, Mullvad will provide you with sophisticated post-quantum encryption for your Windows, MAC, or Linux machine. It does this by incorporating quantum-resistant tunnels in all its WireGuard protocols for its desktop app with Kyber and Classic McEliece post-quantum algorithms.

If youre concerned about leaving your other devices vulnerable, dont worry because Mullvad is already working on rolling out this level of security for its iOS and Android apps. Customers signing up for a Mullvad subscription should have post-quantum protection across all their devices long before Q-day happens.

Mullvads encryption shares a secret in a way thats too sophisticated for a quantum computer to be able to decipher. Once this has been shared, that tunnel will be disconnected and a new one will be opened with the new shared secret.

You wont go far wrong with Mullvad as your VPN provider because, in addition to its post-quantum algorithms, it also delivers fast speeds and total customer anonymity.

Windscribe is a strong VPN with plenty of security features, fast speeds, and content-unblocking capabilities. On top of this, it also uses the WireGuard protocol to generate unique pre-shared keys for each user that are quantum-resistant.

Even if a quantum computer were able to decrypt these keys, which is extremely unlikely, it would be unable to interpret the traffic. Therefore, it will keep your data hidden from any hacks past Q-day.

Quantum computers pose a potentially catastrophic threat to online security. Once these machines are powerful enough and begin being used outside of research labs, they will have the power and the capability to break the encryption that protects most of the data on the internet. This event is known as Q-day and experts are predicting that this could happen at any time in the next five years.

Luckily, there are already some post-quantum algorithms that are strong enough to protect your data against this threat. All you need to do is sign up for a VPN that offers this level of security, such as ExpressVPN, Windscribe, or Mullvad.

Post-quantum encryption is a form of cyber security thats powerful enough to protect your data from attacks by quantum computers. There are a few different types of post-quantum cryptography that are currently available, such as lattice-based, hash-based, and code-based algorithms. If you want this level of protection, use a VPN that has built it into its protocols, such as Mullvad, ExpressVPN, or Windscribe.

Although quantum computers dont currently pose a security threat, as theyre only being used in research labs right now, there will come a day when theyre strong enough to break most of the worlds encryption.

Referred to as Q-day, this event will wreak havoc across the world and could effectively render VPNs obsolete, as theyll no longer be able to protect user data. That is unless VPNs incorporate post-quantum encryption into their protocols. Some VPNs have already done this, such as ExpressVPN, Mullvad, and Windscribe. If other providers follow suit, quantum computers wont be able to decrypt the protection offered, meaning that they can no longer pose a threat to VPNs.

Continued here:

Your data could be leaked in five years - here's why - Tom's Guide

In a significant leap for the field of quantum computing, Google has reportedly engineered a quantum computer that can execute calculations in mere moments that would take the worlds most advanced supercomputers nearly half a century to process.

The news, reported by the Daily Telegraph, could signify a landmark moment in the evolution of this emerging technology.

Quantum computing, a science that takes advantage of the oddities of quantum physics, remains a fast-moving and somewhat contentious field.

Quantum computers hold immense promise for potentially revolutionizing sectors like climate science and drug discovery. They offer computation speeds far beyond those of their classical counterparts.

However, this advanced technology is not without its potential drawbacks. Quantum computers pose significant challenges for contemporary encryption systems, thus placing them high on the list of national security concerns.

The contentious discussion continues. Critics argue that, despite the impressive milestones, these quantum machines still need to demonstrate more practicality outside of academic research.

Googles latest iteration of its quantum machine, the Sycamore quantum processor, currently holds 70 qubits. This is a substantial leap from the 53 qubits of its earlier version. This makes the new processor approximately 241 million times more robust than the previous model.

As each qubit can exist in a state of zero, one, or both simultaneously, the capability of storing and processing this level of quantum information is an achievement that even the fastest classical computer, however rapid or slow, cannot match.

The Google team, in a paper published on the arXiv pre-print server, remarked, Quantum computers hold the promise of executing tasks beyond the capability of classical computers. We estimate the computational cost against improved classical methods and demonstrate that our experiment is beyond the capabilities of existing classical supercomputers.

Even the currently fastest classical computers, such as the Frontier supercomputer based in Tennessee, cannot rival the potential of quantum computers.

These traditional machines operate on the language of binary code, confined to a dual-state reality of zeroes and ones. The quantum paradigm, however, transcends this limitation.

It remains uncertain how much Googles quantum computer cost to create. Regardless, this development certainly holds the promise of transformative computational power.

For instance, according to the Google team, it would take the Frontier supercomputer merely 6.18 seconds to match a calculation from Googles 53-qubit computer.

However, the same machine would take an astonishing 47.2 years to match a computation executed by Googles latest 70-qubit device.

Many experts in the field have praised Googles significant strides. Steve Brierley, chief executive of Cambridge-based quantum company Riverlane, labeled Googles advancement as a major milestone.

He also added: The squabbling about whether we had reached, or indeed could reach, quantum supremacy is now resolved.

Similarly, Professor Winfried Hensinger, director of the Sussex Centre for Quantum Technologies, commended Google for resolving a specific academic problem tough to compute on a conventional computer.

Their most recent demonstration is yet another powerful demonstration that quantum computers are developing at a steady pace, said Professor Hensinger.

He stressed that the upcoming critical step would be the creation of quantum computers capable of correcting their inherent operational errors.

While IBM has not yet commented on Googles recent work, it is clear that this progress in the realm of quantum computing has caught the attention of researchers and companies worldwide.

This will open new prospects and competition in the evolution of computational technology. Let the games begin!

Quantum computing, a remarkable leap in technological advancement, holds the potential to redefine our computational capacities.

Harnessing the strange yet fascinating laws of quantum physics, it could significantly outperform classical computers in solving certain types of problems.

Traditional computers operate based on bits, which can be in a state of either 0 or 1. Quantum computers, on the other hand, operate on quantum bits, known as qubits. Unlike traditional bits, a qubit can exist in both states simultaneously, thanks to a quantum principle called superposition.

Superposition increases the computing power of a quantum computer exponentially. For example, two qubits can exist in four states simultaneously (00, 01, 10, 11), three qubits in eight states, and so on. This allows quantum computers to process a massive number of possibilities at once.

Another key quantum principle quantum computers exploit is entanglement. Entangled qubits are deeply linked. Change the state of one qubit, and the state of its entangled partner will change instantaneously, no matter the distance. This feature allows quantum computers to process complex computations more efficiently.

The unusual characteristics of quantum computing make it ideal for solving complex problems that classical computers struggle with.

Cryptography is a notable area where quantum computing can make a significant difference. The capacity to factor large numbers quickly makes quantum computers a threat to current encryption systems but also opens the door for the development of more secure quantum encryption methods.

In the field of medicine, quantum computing could enable the modeling of complex molecular structures, speeding up drug discovery. Quantum simulations could offer insights into new materials and processes that might take years to discover through experimentation.

Despite its promising potential, quantum computing is not without challenges. Quantum states are delicate, and maintaining them for a practical length of time known as quantum coherence is a significant hurdle.

The slightest environmental interference can cause qubits to lose their state, a phenomenon known as decoherence.

Quantum error correction is another daunting challenge. Due to the fragility of qubits, errors are more likely to occur in quantum computations than classical ones.

Developing efficient error correction methods that dont require a prohibitive number of qubits remains a central focus in quantum computing research.

While quantum computing is still in its infancy, the rapid pace of innovation signals a promising future. Tech giants like IBM, Google, and Microsoft, as well as numerous startups, are making significant strides in quantum computing research.

In the coming years, we can expect quantum computers to continue growing in power and reliability. Quantum supremacy a point where quantum computers surpass classical computers in computational capabilities may be closer than we think.

Quantum computing represents a thrilling frontier, promising to reshape how we tackle complex problems. As research and development persist, we inch closer to unlocking the full potential of this revolutionary technology.

Supercomputers are high-performance computing machines capable of processing data at super high speeds in comparison to conventional computers.

Renowned for their significant computational power, they perform tasks involving complex calculations that typical computers cannot manage.

Scientists, researchers, and governments use supercomputers to solve intricate problems in areas like quantum physics, weather forecasting, climate research, and biochemical modeling.

The history of supercomputers dates back to the 1960s when the first supercomputer, CDC 6600, designed by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation, made its appearance.

Over the years, supercomputers underwent numerous advancements, transitioning from single processor systems to parallel computing designs.

The advent of parallel computing in the 1970s and 1980s allowed supercomputers to increase their computing power exponentially. This involved the use of more than one processor to divide tasks and conduct computations simultaneously.

In the 1990s, massively parallel computers like the Thinking Machines CM-5 started utilizing thousands of processors, marking a significant leap in supercomputing power.

Supercomputers possess unique designs and architectures to accommodate their advanced computing needs. Initially, vector processors were common in supercomputers, but with technological advancements, scalar processors and parallel processing became more prevalent.

Contemporary supercomputers use a variety of architectures. The majority utilize a massively parallel processing (MPP) approach. MPP allows supercomputers to divide large tasks into smaller ones for simultaneous processing by multiple processors.

Some supercomputers also use grid computing where they link geographically dispersed computers to form a supercomputer.

The architecture of a supercomputer requires meticulous planning and design to accommodate the heat generated by the processors and ensure efficient data transmission. As such, engineers design the infrastructure and cooling systems in a way that maximizes performance and minimizes energy usage.

The performance of supercomputers is typically measured in FLOPS (Floating Point Operations Per Second), a unit that indicates the speed of calculations. The fastest supercomputers today perform at exaFLOPS levels, that is, they can perform a quintillion floating-point calculations per second.

To rank supercomputers based on their performance, the Top500 project publishes a list twice a year. The rankings depend on a supercomputers performance in running the LINPACK benchmark, a software library that measures a machines ability to solve dense systems of linear equations.

Supercomputers find applications in diverse fields. In weather forecasting, they simulate climate models to predict future weather conditions.

The field of space exploration uses supercomputers to simulate and model celestial bodies and galaxies. In the field of physics, supercomputers perform complex simulations like particle collision in particle physics and nuclear fusion experiments.

Moreover, supercomputers play a pivotal role in medical research, helping to model and understand the structures of viruses, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms.

They also facilitate drug discovery and development by simulating the interaction of molecules with biological targets. Governments also use supercomputers for cryptanalysis, decoding encrypted data for national security purposes.

Supercomputers have played, and continue to play, a critical role in scientific discovery and technological advancement. By pushing the boundaries of computational power, they enable the resolution of complex problems across a multitude of domains, ranging from meteorology to quantum physics.

As technologies like quantum computing evolve, the potential of supercomputers will continue to expand, revolutionizing the landscape of high-performance computing.

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YORKTOWN HEIGHTS, N.Y. - OCTOBER 18: Exhibition model of IBM Q System One quantum computer. (Photo ... [+] by Misha Friedman/Getty Images)

Like the hapless tramps in Samuel Becketts play Waiting for Godot, the world has been waiting not for the mysterious Godot, but for quantum computing, which is much anticipated but has yet to arrive. But while the ghostly Godot never does show up, quantum is beginning to materialize.

Its about time. Global powers, led by China, have invested more than $55 billion in the promising technology and we are closer than ever to realizing the $500 million to $1 billion in gains that quantum promises to deliver to businesses over the next fifteen years. The quantum market is already estimated to be worth more than $1 billion this year, even though quantum computers are not yet very useful.

In Europe, Germany has launched an investment plan of more than $3 billion by 2026, and France has announced an investment of nearly $2 billion, aiming to train 5,000 quantum-ready engineers and create 30,000 jobs. In the United States, the National Quantum Initiative Act has authorized $1.2 billion in funding over five years for quantum computing research and development.

What are we talking about? Computers that could be a billion times faster than conventional computers for solving certain complex problems.

Classical computers, such as the one youre likely reading this article on now, rely on binary bits to store and process information as strings of zeros and ones. But quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in a superposition of states, allowing for an exponential number of simultaneous combinations of zeros and ones. Dont bother trying to visualize this - no one has ever seen a qubit. Its all math.

Nonetheless, this superposition can be measured, enabling quantum computers to perform complex computations at an exponential speed.

Several technologies at the boundaries of current physics are being tried to make this work: superconductivity, neutral atoms, trapped ions, and photonics.

Are they used in businesses? Not yet. At this stage, quantum supremacy, meaning that a quantum computer is more efficient than a conventional computer, has only been established for algorithms without truly useful applications, such as verifying that a die is not loaded (Google, 2019).

But progress in developing quantum computing has been steady, and many people believe quantum computers will be a practical reality within a few years. IBM, the leader in quantum computing hardware, predicts that quantum computers will outperform classical computers in specific tasks by 2027.

Quantum supremacy is expected to first materialize for "native" quantum problems, which lend themselves particularly well to quantum modeling. They fall into four categories: modeling physicochemical reactions to discover innovative materials, new proteins, and future drugs; optimizing complex systems to improve flow management or the design and engineering of complex systems; generating synthetic data to train AI models; and finally, cryptography.

So, is it too early for businesses to be building their quantum muscle? Absolutely not. It takes time to build a team that understands how to use the burgeoning technology, and the future will belong to those who can harness the power of quantum computing early.

Banks, hedge funds, and car manufacturers are recruiting specialized quantum teams. They are tackling the construction of algorithms coded in qubits for their strategic applications. They are forming partnerships with quantum computer manufacturers - IBM, Atos, Pasqal - and academic research centers. These companies will be ready for the day when manufacturers offer sufficiently powerful machines. The aim is to increase the number of high-quality qubits and reduce error rates, eventually multiplying the power of the best current prototypes by a thousand.

The first challenge will be cybersecurity: with quantum supremacy, many of our security devices will become instantly obsolete. Businesses should start now to shift to quantum-hardened encryption technologies. The American National Institute of Standardization and Technology (NIST) is working on developing and standardizing post-quantum cryptographic algorithms and plans to impose a schedule for using encryption solutions capable of resisting quantum attacks.

But quantum computing has the potential to help mankind solve some of its biggest problems - mitigating climate change, for example, by accelerating the development of new materials for carbon capture, more efficient catalysts for hydrogen production, better batteries for electric vehicles, and optimized power grids that can handle renewable energy sources.

Quantum computing is also expected to accelerate drug discovery, enabling the development of personalized medicines and more effective treatments for diseases. And quantum algorithms could be used to optimize logistics and supply chain management, reducing fuel consumption and increasing efficiency. The list goes on.

AI can complement and enhance quantum computing, helping to develop error correction techniques for quantum hardware, for example, one of the main barriers to practical quantum computers. Quantum computers, meanwhile, can simulate complex natural processes, like the behavior of molecules or weather systems, much more accurately than regular computers.

Scientists collect relatively small amounts of data from experiments with such natural processes, but this isn't always enough to train AI models effectively. Quantum computing is expected to be able to generate additional, high-quality data to fill in the gaps, making the simulations more accurate and reliable. This, in turn, can help AI make more precise predictions about natural phenomena.

And quantum computing can generate synthetic data to train generative AI models when real-world data is scarce or difficult to obtain. While GenAI does not directly use quantum algorithms, hybrid algorithms that combine classical and quantum computing can leverage the strengths of both computing paradigms, potentially leading to more powerful and efficient AI models.

And if quantum doesn't come? In Beckett's play, when Estragon asks this question to Vladimir, the wise vagabond replies: "We'll come back tomorrow." Businesses will do the same and remain busy with generative AIs.

Here Are Five Steps That Business Leaders Can Start Implementing Today

Working with quantum computing requires deep expertise, including quantum software developers and quantum hardware engineers who can design and optimize quantum circuits and algorithms for specific business applications. Quantum computing will initially augment rather than replace classical computing, so quantum teams will also need traditional software developers who can integrate quantum solutions with existing classical systems. And companies will need people who can translate complex business problems into quantum algorithms.

Since quantum computing is still an emerging field, companies will need to collaborate with academic institutions, technology providers, and quantum research organizations to keep up with the latest advancements and integrate cutting-edge solutions. Building a multidisciplinary team with these areas of expertise takes planning and time. While this may not be something smaller companies can undertake, large companies should start now. Because quantum computing is a new computing paradigm, hiring and developing talent capable of harnessing it in conjunction with company domain expertise will be the winning combination. But quantum scientists and engineers will be in short supply when quantum advantage will trigger interest, not dissimilar to what happened in AI in 2015 and GenAI now.

Companies need to identify and develop specific quantum use cases that align with their business goals. This involves exploring how quantum computing can solve industry-specific problems, such as molecular modeling in pharmaceuticals or portfolio optimization in finance. Conducting proof-of-concept projects and pilot studies ahead of time will help refine these use cases and demonstrate their potential value.

Companies will need to implement post-quantum cryptographic algorithms (PQC) to secure data and communications. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has been developing these algorithms designed to withstand quantum threats. Companies large and small should track these developments and start integrating PQC algorithms into their security frameworks to ensure their encryption is hardened against quantum computer attacks.

Companies should begin forging strategic partnerships with quantum technology providers, research institutions, and other industry players. These alliances will facilitate knowledge sharing, accelerate innovation, and ensure access to the latest advancements.

Navigating the regulatory landscape is crucial for the successful adoption of quantum computing. Quantum computing is considered by governments as dual-use technology and critical for national security and competitiveness. Transitioning away from RSA to PQC protocols will a massive undertaking on a scale larger than the Y2K bug. Business leaders should stay informed about emerging regulations, mandates and standards.

Preparing for quantum computing is not a one-time effort but an ongoing commitment. It requires vision, strategic foresight, and a willingness to invest in the future. The rewards, however, will be immense for those who are prepared.

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Quantum Computing Takes Off With $55 Billion In Global Investments - Forbes

At the Tech.eu Summit in London, Dr. Ken Urquhart, Global Vice-President of 5G/Edge/Satellite at Zscaler, and Steve Brierley, Founder and CEO of Riverlane, discussed the critical intersection of artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity and quantum computing. Moderated by Duygu Oktem Clark, Managing Partner at DO Venture Partners, the talk underlined both the challenges and opportunities these technologies present.

Urquhart opened the discussion by addressing the limitations of AI in cybersecurity.

AI, as we apply it today, involves algorithms that are interpretable and useful for cyber defense, he said. However, he pointed out that current AI technologies, such as neural networks and large language models, come with issues like statistical variability and hallucinations, where the AI makes things up that may not be true.

Urquhart explained that these statistical models could become less accurate over time, adding: You need to be thoughtful about how you apply AI because it can give less accurate answers if asked the same question twice in a row over a span of hours or days.

Brierley shared his thoughts into the advancements in quantum computing and its implications for cybersecurity. He noted that while todays quantum computers are extremely error-prone and capable of only about 100 to 1,000 operations before failure, significant progress is being made with quantum error correction.

Quantum error correction is a layer that sits on top of the physical qubits and corrects errors in real-time, Brierley explained.

This development is crucial for achieving cryptographically relevant quantum computing capabilities.

2023 and 2024 have been pivotal years as we crossed the threshold in various qubit modalities, making error correction viable, he said. Brierley projected that within the next two to three years, we could see quantum computers performing up to a million operations, surpassing what classical computers can simulate.

As AI and quantum computing advance, ethical and security challenges emerge. Urquhart stressed the importance of understanding AIs current limitations.

We are on a journey with artificial intelligence. It does not think; it is a collection of statistical outcomes, he stated. Urquhart warned against over-reliance on AI for critical decisions, as its current form can lead to significant errors.

Brierley added that quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize industries, particularly in simulating molecular dynamics and chemical interactions.

Quantum computers can replace time-consuming lab experiments with simulations, transforming industries like drug discovery and material science, he said.

Both experts agreed on the necessity of collaboration among academia, industry and government to harness these technologies responsibly. Brierley called attention to the importance of a coordinated effort, likening it to a Manhattan-scale project to build the worlds most powerful quantum computers. We need effective collaboration across sectors to ensure the technology benefits society, he said.

Urquhart echoed this sentiment, giving emphasis to the role of commercial entities in driving innovation and the governments role in providing a regulatory and funding environment.

The machinery is there; we just need the will to engage and make it run, he remarked.

Looking ahead, both Urquhart and Brierley stressed the urgency of preparing for the impact of quantum computing on cybersecurity.

Quantum computing will break most encryption at some point, Urquhart warned, urging businesses to act now to mitigate future risks.

Brierley concluded: Quantum computers are not just faster computers; they represent a massive step forward for specific problems, and their potential for both good and bad is immense.

The discussion underscored the transformative potential of AI and quantum computing while cautioning against complacency. As these technologies evolve, proactive collaboration and ethical considerations will be paramount in shaping a secure digital future.

Featured image: Credit: Tech.eu

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The Interplay of AI, Cybersecurity & Quantum Computing - The Quantum Insider

In a recent study published in Physical Review Letters, Professor Wei Guo from Florida State Universityprovided valuable insights into the quantum states of electrons on qubits.

Quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize technology by performing calculations that would take classical computers many years to complete.

To build an effective quantum computer, a reliable quantum bit, or qubit, is essential. A qubit must be able to exist simultaneously in both the 0 and 1 states for a sufficiently long period, known as its coherence time.

One promising approach involves trapping a single electron on a solid neon surface, creating what is known as an electron-on-solid-neon qubit.

Guos team discovered that small bumps on the surface of solid neon can naturally bind electrons, forming ring-shaped quantum states. These quantum states describe various properties of an electron, such as position, momentum, and other characteristics before measurement. When these bumps are of a certain size, the electrons transition energythe energy required for an electron to move from one quantum ring state to anotheraligns with the energy of microwave photons, another type of elementary particle.

This alignment allows for the controlled manipulation of electrons, which is crucial for quantum computing.

This work significantly advances our understanding of the electron-trapping mechanism on a promising quantum computing platform, it not only clarifies puzzling experimental observations but also delivers crucial insights for the design, optimization, and control of electron-on-solid-neon qubits.

Wei Guo, Professor, Florida State University

Guo and collaborators previously demonstrated the feasibility of a solid-state single-electron qubit platform using electrons trapped on solid neon. Recent research has revealed coherence times of up to 0.1 milliseconds100 times longer than the typical 1 microsecond coherence time for conventional semiconductor-based and superconductor-based charge qubits.

The extended coherence time of the electron-on-solid-neon qubit is attributed to the inertness and purity of solid neon. This system also addresses the issue of liquid surface vibrations, a problem inherent in the more extensively studied electron-on-liquid-helium qubit. The current research provides crucial insights into further optimizing the electron-on-solid-neon qubit.

A key aspect of this optimization involves creating qubits that are smooth across most of the solid neon surface while having bumps of the right size where needed. Designers aim to minimize naturally occurring surface bumps that attract disruptive background electrical charge. Simultaneously, intentionally fabricating bumps of the correct size within the microwave resonator on the qubit enhances its ability to trap electrons effectively.

This research underscores the critical need for further study of how different conditions affect neon qubit manufacturing, Neon injection temperatures, and pressure influence the final qubit product. The more control we have over this process, the more precise we can build, and the closer we move to quantum computing that can solve currently unmanageable calculations.

Wei Guo, Professor, Florida State University

Toshiaki Kanai, a Graduate Research Student in the FSU Department of Physics, and Dafei Jin, an Associate Professor at the University of Notre Dame are the Co-authors of the study.

The National Science Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research supported the research.

Kanai, T., et al. (2024) Single-Electron Qubits Based on Quantum Ring States on Solid Neon Surface. Physical Review Letters. doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.250603.

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Study Reveals Insights into Electron-on-Solid-Neon Qubits for Quantum Computing - AZoQuantum

A core part of the Israel Innovation Authority's Israel National Quantum Initiative, the center is the first to tightly integrate multiple types of quantum computers with supercomputers using NVIDIA DGX Quantum

TEL AVIV, Israel, June 25, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Quantum Machines (QM), the leading provider of processor-based quantum controllers, announced the opening of the Israeli Quantum Computing Center (IQCC), a world-class research facility that will serve the quantum computing industry and academic community in Israel and around the world. The center was built with the financial backing and support of the Israel Innovation Authority and is located at Tel Aviv University.

The IQCC's grand opening took place yesterday, June 24th, as part of Tel Aviv University's AI and Cyber Week. The ceremony began with the ribbon-cutting, followed by speeches from Asaf Zamir, First Deputy Mayor of Tel Aviv; Dror Bin, CEO of the Israel Innovation Authority; Prof. Yaron Oz and Prof. Itzik Ben Israel from Tel Aviv University; and Dr. Itamar Sivan, CEO of Quantum Machines. Industry experts, including Eyal Waldman, co-founder and former CEO of Mellanox, Ofir Zamir, Senior Director of AI Solution Architecture at NVIDIA, and Niv Efron, Senior Director of Engineering at Google, also shared their insights.

About the IQCC:

In the global race to develop practical quantum computing, access to cutting-edge facilities is crucial. "All of the world's most advanced quantum computing research facilities are closed or offer very limited access to those outside of their organization. You can't compete if you need to fly halfway around the world for limited access," said Dr. Itamar Sivan, CEO and co-founder of Quantum Machines. "When we thought about what would propel quantum computing forward, we realized that building the most advanced facility in terms of interoperability, modularity, and integration with high-performance computing (HPC) and the cloud was the way to go. Our open architecture approach will ensure that the facility can be continuously upgraded and scaled to stay at the cutting edge, making it an accelerator for the entire ecosystem in Israel and internationally."

The IQCC is a state-of-the-art quantum and HPC center that uniquely integrates the power of quantum and classical computing resources. It is the first in the world to house multiple co-located quantum computers of different qubit types, all utilizing the NVIDIA DGX Quantum system. This offers on-premises supercomputing resources and cloud accessibility, while being tightly integrated with Quantum Machines' processor-based OPX control system. The center also features the world's best-equipped testbed for developing new quantum computing technologies.

The unified DGX Quantum system for integrated quantum supercomputing was co-developed by NVIDIA and Quantum Machines. DGX Quantum implements NVIDIA CUDA-Q, an open-source software platform for integrated quantum-classical computing. The system features a supercomputing cluster headlined by NVIDIA Grace Hopper superchips and also including NVIDIA DGX H100, all connected to AWS cloud platforms for remote access and to leverage additional cloud computing resources. The center also utilizes QM's new OPX1000 controller, designed to enable scaling to 1,000+ qubits.

"The tight integration of quantum computers with AI supercomputers is essential to the development of useful quantum computing," said Tim Costa, Director of Quantum and HPC at NVIDIA. "This work with Quantum Machines to enable a flagship deployment of NVIDIA DGX Quantum in the IQCC offers researchers the platform they need to grow quantum computing into the era of large-scale, useful applications"

"Before the IQCC, a developer of a quantum processor chip would need to build their own testing setup, costing millions," said Dr. Yonatan Cohen, CTO and co-founder of Quantum Machines. "Now, researchers can plug their chip into our testbed and benefit from the most advanced setup in the world, leveraging NVIDIA and Quantum Machines hardware to accelerate their development process and reduce costs significantly."

The IQCC is open to researchers and developers of quantum computers from around the world. By providing an open, cutting-edge platform for research and development, Quantum Machines aims to accelerate the progress of practical quantum computing and foster collaborative projects with industry leaders that will drive the field forward. The center is poised to become a destination for companies and researchers worldwide, securing Israel's quantum independence and cementing its position as a leader in the quantum computing revolution.

For more information about the IQCC please visit https://i-qcc.com/.

Additional information on technology and partners:

ContactGavriel Cohen Concrete Media for Quantum Machines[emailprotected]

Photo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2447560/Quantum_Machines.jpg

SOURCE Quantum Machines

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Quantum Machines opens the Israeli Quantum Computing Center - PR Newswire

IBM Quantum System Two modular quantum computing platform

Over the past year, there has been increasing focus on how quantum computers fit into and link to classic computing architectures. Quantum computers could act as an accelerator to perform complex calculations for certain tasks that are beyond the capabilities of even classical supercomputers. The classical computers or servers are used for preprocessing in the development of quantum algorithms and circuits and for postprocessing to manage the errors, improve the results, and complete the processing task. As is evident from the growing number of AI use cases, AI can enhance classical computing capabilities. So, it stands to reason that AI could also enhance quantum computing capabilities and several companies are working towards achieving this goal.

Even though many people and companies are starting to combine quantum and AI into a single term, the two are very distinct technologies. AI is the training and use of neural network models developed and run on classical computing platforms powered by CPUs, GPUs, NPUs, DSPs, FPGAs, and other traditional binary-processing logic elements. Quantum computers use alternative compute architectures, such as superconducting transmon qubits, to solve very complex problems using quantum physics. While the two require different hardware, software, and support systems, the integration of the two is moving forward, especially for the benefit of quantum computing. IBM is one of the companies paving the way for AI to complement quantum computing development.

IBM is considered the leader in the quantum computing segment with continued advancements in hardware, software, and systems technologies, and with development quantum computers already deployed around the world. IBM is also a leader in AI technology through its watsonx platform, which has logged many advances beginning with its Jeopardy game show win in 2011. Since then, watsonx has evolved to a scalable enterprise platform with the AI studio, data, governance, and assistant solutions. Now IBM is bringing the two technologies together to enhance quantum computing and accelerate its adoption.

In a recent discussion with IBM, the company outlined how it is integrating its AI technology into the Qiskit software to improve the ease of use of the SDK tools and OpenQASM3 (open quantum assembly language). IBM is using its watsonx generative AI platform, leveraging the companys Granite AI model, to generate digital agents capable of providing developer support and quantum code assistance.

In addition, IBM is researching and developing new AI models to improve other critical aspects such as circuit optimization, resource management, and improved error suppression, mitigation, and correction.

As part of its commitment to integrating AI into quantum computing, IBM is also introducing the Qiskit Code Assistant service with a Visual Studio Extension and plans to offer two quantum chatbots one to assist developers and the other to general users of IBM Quantum services.

In terms of circuit optimization, AI models can be embedded as plugins to the Qiskit SDK through a transpiler service or be combined with heuristic methods. According to IBM, the transpiler service provides better mapping of abstract circuits to quantum ISA circuits resulting in up to a 40% improvement in circuit size, better quality, and a 2x to 5x improvement in processing speed.

For resource management, IBM is developing AI solutions to better estimate the quantum runtime, flag workloads that are likely to fail, and partition circuits for parallel processing to better utilize both the classical and quantum resources. This includes leveraging AI supercomputers.

Future heterogeneous data centers will include QPUs

Combined with IBMs aggressive roadmap to reach 100 million gates by the end of the decade and 1 billion gates around 2033, quantum computing is rapidly moving toward the deployment of practical quantum applications over the next few years. As a result, we may begin to see heterogeneous data centers that combine the performance of the latest CPUs, AI accelerators, and QPUs (quantum processing units) by the end of the decade.

IBM Quantum Development & Innovation Roadmaps

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IBM Develops The AI-Quantum Link - Forbes

In a compelling conversation on the InTechnology podcast, Camille Morhardt sat down with James Reinders, a high-performance computing engineer at Intel, to discuss the intersection of high-performance computing (HPC), quantum computing and artificial intelligence (AI). Reinders brings a wealth of experience and insight into how these cutting-edge technologies are evolving and what they mean for the future.

Reinders opened by defining high-performance computing as the biggest, baddest, fastest computer you can build to solve very large engineering, scientific, and computational problems. He explained that the term supercomputing emerged in the mid to late seventies when there was a push to build more complex and expensive machines than those used for everyday business processing.

Discussing the evolution of supercomputing, Reinders noted: By the late nineties, standard supercomputers changed from being exotic built machines to ones that consisted of thousands of off-the-shelf processors. This shift marked the end of debates over the scalability of multi-core processors.

Reinders sees quantum computing as a natural extension of high-performance computing.

Quantum computing is pretty specific in the type of problems it can solve, he said. It may not be the best way to solve every problem, but it stands the promise of being phenomenally amazing at modeling the real physical world. He predicts that quantum computing will not displace other architectures but will instead join them, creating a more diverse and capable computational landscape.

On the practical applications of quantum computing, Reinders said: Some of the first uses will clearly be modeling of molecular dynamics, different things in chemistry, and those are incredibly important in solving problems. He predicts quantum computing being used alongside traditional HPC to enhance simulations and solve complex problems more efficiently.

Reinders is particularly excited about the integration of AI techniques with traditional HPC workloads. He shared an example of how AI is being used to replace Monte Carlo operations in molecular dynamics simulations.

They took a neural network, a GAN network, and trained it by letting it watch Monte Carlo operations, he said. The results were really exciting; it was able to do simulations that seemed to give us comparable answers at a fraction of the compute power.

Looking to the future, Reinders stressed the importance of collaboration between different computational technologies.

I think quantum computing as it matures will become another form of supercomputing. It will join the fold rather than replace existing technologies, he said. This integration will enhance our ability to tackle complex problems, from climate forecasting to disease modeling.

Reinders concluded by reflecting on the broader implications of these advancements.

The biggest cost in running a computer is moving data around, Reinders noted, highlighting the ongoing efforts to improve data transfer efficiency and reduce power consumption.

These enhancements will boost performance and make high-performance computing more accessible and cost-effective.

Reinders, then, gave us a peek of what the future in high-performance computing, quantum computing and artificial intelligence looks like and how it will work toward achieving innovative solutions to problems that were almost insurmountable by the human race in the past.

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How High-Performance Computing Is Shaping the Future of Quantum & AI , From Intel's James Reinders - The Quantum Insider