On Nov. 26, Christian Bayle, president and chief executive officer of Inter Pipeline, made a $10-million commitment over 10 years with NAIT to research plastic waste reduction. Travis Dosser/News Staff

An innovative new program at NAIT is looking to reduce plastic waste in Canada and its backed by Albertas Industrial Heartland.

On Tuesday, Nov. 26,Inter Pipeline Ltd. and NAIT announced the joint-partnership to research opportunities to reuse and recycle plastic in Canada. Over the next decade, the industrial company plans to invest $10 million into thePlastics Research in Action (PRIA) agreement, which will use NAITs applied research expertise in the area of process engineering, process automation and environmental sustainability. The initiative will tap into the talents of student researchers.

The $10-million in funding will support a strong team of researchers who will work collaboratively with Inter Pipeline. Together, we will undertake projects that could lead to the evolution of a more circular economy for plastics, Christian Bayle, president and chief executive officer of Inter Pipeline said. We will strive to develop processes to reuse and recycle plastics in Canada and hopefully all over the globe.

NAITs president and chief executive officer was thrilled about the partnership.

(Inter Pipelines) investment will truly have a profound impact, explained Dr. Glenn Feltham, president and CEO of NAIT. NAITs vision is to be one of the worlds leading polytechnics and the most relevant and responsive post-secondary institution in Canada. Central to this vision is NAITss relationship with industry.

Inter Pipeline received federal investments from the Strategic Innovation Fund, which is designed to attract and support high-quality business investment in dynamic and innovative sectors. The companys CEOis confident researchers will be able to find new opportunities to keep plastics out of the environment with this new program.

Were still exploring ways to responsibly address plastics use, reuse and disposal, Bayle said. Groups from all over the world are gathering information and performing research to determine exactly how we can improve our interactions with plastics throughout their life cycle.

In Canada, nearly 80 per cent of all post-consumer plastics end up in landfills.

Ultimately, I believe the end game is preventing plastic waste and that is why I consider todays announcement to be necessary and a very positive step forward, Bayle said.

Currently under construction in Albertas Industrial Heartland in Strathcona County, Inter Pipelines Heartland Complex is the first of its kind in North America to integrate propane dehydrogenation (PDH) and polypropylene manufacturing into a single complex. Once operational in late 2021, it will offer 180 full-time jobs and produce 525,000 of polypropylene annually. Bayle added that the recyclable plastic pellets have a great many uses and will be used to createcar parts, carpet backing, and food packaging in Canada and the United States.

This is a signature project for us and the country. Were very proud to be spearheading this build in Alberta using thousands of skilled local labour. More to that, 70 per cent of the $3.5-billion were spending on the construction of Heartland will go directly into our province supporting our local economy, Bayle said to applause.

The Inter Pipeline president noted sustainability is a critical component of the companys long-term business success, as they are a member of the Chemical Industry Association of Canada, which has targets to reduce plastic waste. In addition, the company is also participating in the federal framework to achieve zero plastic waste.

Were all in this together. Plastics arent going away and nor should they because they form a vital part of our everyday lives. Well lead through initiatives like PRIA and possible solutions that will emerge and shape the way we can all make more environmentally conscious decisions.

tdosser@postmedia.com

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Inter Pipeline injects $10M into plastic waste reduction research - Sherwood Park News

The orgy looks like itll start any minute in that grove of coconut palms beyond the luau table, a heap of suckling piglets and pineapples, roast chickens and splayed banana clusters all piled against an enormous, open barrel of rum. Brown, half-nude men draped with leis clutch island women with flowers in their hair. They form an undulating circle of sexualized bodies, their faces cartoony and grotesque, a collection of rubbery lips, eyes drawn as slits and frying-pan noses: a racist fantasy of happy natives with stoked libidos, down to rut.

The illustration is by French artist Guy Huz. Its in Trader Vics Book of Food and Drink by Victor Bergeron (published by Doubleday in 1946), a founding pillar of the cocktail, design and culture known today as tiki (though not in 46). Its the book that gave the world the mai tai, Bergerons legacy, a drink of genius.

Theres so much about tiki I love, especially happy hour mai tais at Trader Vics in Emeryville, on the eastern flank of San Francisco Bay, with its barroom views out to a snug marina. Look almost anywhere else in that room, though (at the vintage drawings illustrating cocktails from Vic Bergerons early days, for example, when Vics was on a car-choked strip of north Oakland), and the scenery becomes more troubling, suggestive of those Huz illustrations.

While the racist tenor of artifacts from Americas cultural past have come under scrutiny team mascots, statues in the public square, restaurants wrapped in colonial nostalgia tiki has avoided any serious reckoning over its imagery or the commandeering of objects and symbols from other cultures. It certainly hasnt included voices of Pacific Islanders, whose gods have been rendered into cocktail mugs and medallions and ancient design motifs turned into kitschy fabric for muumuus and cabana sets.

The Tonga Hut in North Hollywood is still attracting aloha-shirt-wearing, tropical cocktail lovers after 55 years.

(Michael Robinson Chvez / Los Angeles Times)

Which is not to say that, as pure mixology, tiki hasnt proven its brilliance. Martin Cate of Smugglers Cove in San Francisco, Jeff Beachbum Berry of Latitude 29 in New Orleans, as well as tikis founding fathers, Bergeron and Donn Beach: Their artistry and advocacy for Caribbean rums has been a powerful source of delight in a world seriously in need of it. Yet this sophisticated culture of drinks has been tethered to a crude imperialist fantasy that has treated the South Pacific as a source of escape.

I do not appreciate colonial nostalgia, says Stephanie Nohelani Teves, assistant professor in womens studies at the University of Hawaii at Mnoa and author of Defiant Indigeneity: The Politics of Hawaiian Performance. Shes a Kanaka Maoli (a Hawaii native), born and raised on Oahu though her family roots extend to Maui. Tiki bars are not cute.

And thats the problem with tiki: how to honor its real contributions to mixology while resisting the parts that dishonor indigenous people, misuse their iconography and exploit their sacred traditions. In a woke world, is there hope for tiki?

Americas presence in Polynesia is the result of military expansion: We seized Hawaii in the 1890s for its geo-strategic value (same with Samoa, carved up by Western colonial powers in 1899), and we exerted control over various islands during and after World War II.

Tikis roots stretch to the 1930s and two proudly divey California bars, both run by men with a talent for creating myths as potent as their drinks. Ernest Raymond Beaumont Gantt was a drifter who opened a tiny bar in 1933 in an old tailors shop in Hollywood. He called it Dons Beachcomber (eventually Don the Beachcomber). It was, as Cate describes in his 2016 book Smugglers Cove: Exotic Cocktails, Rum, and the Cult of Tiki, a rough-edged, tropical fantasy bar, one mans vision of an island rum shack. Gantt changed his name to Donn Beach.

Donn Beach, surrounded by starlets at his backyard luau in 1946.

(Sven Kirsten / Taschen)

Meanwhile in Oakland, Bergeron built a one-room bar he named Hinky Dinks. In 1937, inspired by a trip to Havana and Bar La Florida (also to Albert Martins Bon Ton Bar in New Orleans and Don the Beachcomber) Bergeron built a backroom addition, the Bamboo Room, for ladies and their escorts, the opening notice read, where the prime decorative flourish was a large staghorn fern. Bergeron took up the moniker Trader Vic, which gave him the aura of an island rum trafficker. His menu portrayed the Trader with a smirk and a bucket hat, flanked by topless native women.

By the early 1950s, when Bergeron launched his Trader Vics flagship in San Francisco, and Beach, along with his wife, Cora Sunny Sund, were presiding over Don the Beachcomber branches in Chicago and Palm Springs, all the elements of tikis golden era were in place.

The word tiki traces to New Zealand and the Marquesas Islands. It refers to sacred images of gods and creation. In the plasticized, popcorn-ceilinged suburbs of post-WWII America, tiki evoked a lost world of palm-ringed beaches, happy natives and rum-fueled sexual release: a world as drenched in color as the 1958 movie of Rodgers and Hammersteins South Pacific. With a plate of rumaki, goopy spare ribs and a Samoan Fog Cutter in a hula-girl mug (available at the restaurant gift shop), anyone could find their own Bali Hai. Places like the Luau in Beverly Hills, the Tonga Room in San Francisco and the Mai-Kai in Fort Lauderdale created sticky, pineapple-sweet microverses.

By the late 1960s, during its decline, a politically more progressive generation of Americans saw tiki as retrograde or worse.

What once seemed charming and naive about island peoples and cultures, Cate writes in Smugglers Cove, now seemed, to a generation raised in a more globally aware world, to be at best patronizing or inauthentic, and at worst simply racist.

Stephanie Nohelani Teves

Then, starting in 1990, tiki came back from the dead with a Midcentury Modern bent. In the current revival phase three German filmmaker Sven Kirsten, who relocated to Los Angeles, became an archaeologist of golden-era tiki-ana. In 1994, he coined a term for the midcentury design ethos of vintage mugs, cabana suits and replica moai (the famous Rapa Nui monoliths of Easter Island): Polynesian Pop. Kirstens The Book of Tiki, published in 2000, is a manifesto for the revival of the genre.

Polynesian Pop seduced St. John Frizell, drinks writer, bartender and owner of Fort Defiance in Brooklyn, where he hosts a weekly tiki night called the Sunken Harbor Club.

Tiki became associated strongly not with native South Sea Island culture, and not really with drinks either, but Midcentury Modern aesthetics, he said of his introduction to tiki in the 90s.

Frizell has attended the annual Hukilau in Fort Lauderdale, a three-day celebration of Polynesian Pop culture. The Hukilau crowd isnt there for the drinks, he says, theyre there to wear their matching caftans and alohas and listen to Arthur Lyman and shop for vintage Polynesian Pop wall hangings and table lamps.

The first time I reached out to Cate to talk about issues of cultural appropriation in tiki, he quoted an article by Cory Starr of the bar Three Dots and a Dash in Chicago.

Though tiki culture and Polynesian Pop has pulled substantial influence from traditional Polynesian culture, Starr wrote, it was never intended in any sense to represent it. Rather, tiki style was a reflection of the American experience of the South Pacific.

The unacknowledged problem is, that experience happened in the context of American militarism and postwar expansion something obvious to critics of tiki, especially Pacific Islanders still grappling with issues of colonialism and cultural erasure.

Stephanie Nohelani Teves

In 2016 I emailed Kirsten in Hamburg, Germany (his hometown), and asked him about charges of cultural appropriation in tiki. Not surprisingly, he pushed back, arguing that if the original creators of American tiki culture sinned, that evil is all in the past.

I do believe, he wrote, that the downfall of tiki in the late 60s and 70s happened for good reasons, but that its almost complete disappearance was unfortunate, and that after a period of growing wiser (so I had hoped), we as history-conscious adults can now enjoy the obviously fake notion of a tropical paradise on earth in a reflective, tongue-in-cheek manner.

In other words, the current manifestation of tiki is insulated against charges of sacred image desecration and cultural imperialism because it revives vintage artifacts and a retro design aesthetic.

Tiki art was never intended to be taken seriously or to portray the real thing, Kirsten wrote. It was always a loving, naive homage to a culture envied and longed for, and never meant as a parody, or patronizing ridicule of another belief. Why is it being dragged into that negative perspective?

Tiki mugs decorate a display case at Tonga Hut.

(Nick Agro / For The Times)

For Hokulani Aikau, associate professor of ethnic and gender studies at the University of Utah and a native Hawaiian whose roots there stretch back 50 generations, Kirstens assertion that tiki revival is fun is textbook settler colonialism. Its to remind us whos in control, Aikau says. You have to be in a position of authority to create the caricature that becomes the thing thats fun. The first step, she says, is to dehumanize.

You caricature, Aikau says. Turn it into fun and play, all for the kitschy fake Hawaiian [stuff]. It reduces a very complex society down to a few key symbols.

Epi Aumavae

Cate resists charges of colonialism. Tiki doesnt erase Polynesian culture, he says, it celebrates it. In Hawaii, 19th century missionaries had all but obliterated indigenous culture, its gods and spiritual practices, and it was men like Donn Beach who helped spark a cultural revival. Beach moved to Hawaii to open a branch of Don the Beachcomber after World War II, and eventually launched the International Market Place, an outdoor shopping mall in Waikiki, where artisans from different Pacific islands made traditional crafts to hawk to tourists, Cate says.

Teves, the University of Hawaii professor, says that for older generations, theres a more complicated story to how settler colonialism co-opts culture. They had to learn to survive, she says. It takes a certain amount of privilege, not to mention a certain level of linguistic skills, to mount an organized fight, she said.

Even today in Hawaii, on Mauna Kea, site of the 5-year-old Thirty Meter Telescope protests, in which indigenous protesters are struggling to preserve a sacred site from development, resistance is complicated by the need to survive. These days, Teves says, There is a much more vocal unwillingness to consent to colonialism and misrepresentation, but we also must labor in the tourism industry.

Epi Aumavae is the board president of Samoan Solutions, a Bay Area nonprofit providing services to a large local community. Shes a third-generation Samoan American whos lived in both Samoa and California. (Aumavae agreed to share her personal opinions for this story and emphasized she was not speaking for Samoan Solutions.) Like Aikau, she sees tiki as theft. Its an effort for people not directly connected to a thing, she says, to take ownership of something that was never theirs.

The appropriation evident in decorative items is disgusting, its grotesque, and it minimizes the beauty, the intelligence and the sacredness of our cultures, said Daniel Naha Veevalu, who works in social services in the Bay Area Pacific Islander community.

We are an inclusive people, Aumavae says, so it is quite easy for us to see cultural appropriation and not immediately take offense. But, she says, The more we allow it to continue, the more it looks like consent from the Polynesian community. We have to draw the line somewhere.

Does drawing the line mean canceling tiki bars altogether, organizing boycotts and pressure campaigns? The tiki critics I spoke with pointed to the kind of activism that brings awareness: Polynesian cultures are still very much alive, and still being ripped off and disrespected.

I personally dont care if people want to drink mai tais, Teves says. On some level it is just a drink, and I am not expecting bartenders to change minds. The nostalgia people express through tiki is offensive because it forgets that this colonialism and militarism is ongoing, not temporary. Not past. Not over.

Frizell has been musing. He wants to steer Sunken Harbor Club toward something he calls pre-tiki: tropical drinking before the Beachcomber. Singapore Slings, Suffering Bastards, cocktails inspired by the old Hawaiian Room at New Yorks Hotel Lexington (it had a 30-year run, ending in 1966).

Maybe one solution to the problem of tiki is to reverse time and imagine a different evolution, before the problematic visual tropes that came to define it were promulgated around the world. Frizell looks to Charles H. Baker Jr., the intrepid cocktail writer and traveler to tropic zones, author of The Gentlemans Companion of 1939.

When you read his work, Frizell says, you sense his wide-eyed wonder, his pure joy at experiencing new cultures and meeting different kinds of people.

Meanwhile, Ive put my copy of Trader Vics Book of Food and Drink away. Instead, Ive been reading a book from 1940, the year Trader Vic and Donn Beach were starting to seduce the nation with their fantasy tropics. Its called Hawaiian and Pacific Foods, published by M. Barrows and Co., and written by Katherine Bazore, head of the home economics department at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu. She was a food anthropologist who gathered the seven strains of contemporary island cooking, a mix of native Hawaiian, Filipino, Chinese, Portuguese and so on. No tropical fantasies. No bare breasts or orgiastic feast. Just an honest catalog of island foodways.

There isnt a single cocktail recipe in the book.

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Tiki bars are built on cultural appropriation and colonial nostalgia. Where's the reckoning? - Los Angeles Times

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Joe Hutto and a herd of mule deer, heading out in the mountains in Wyoming circa 2014; Photography courtesy Joe Hutto

I have come to the edge of a swamp to talk to a man who is famous for talking to turkeys, for talking as a turkey. And not only for that, of course, although that is the thing that has brought him a big pinch of popular recognition, but for a lifetime of immersive endeavors in the wild. Joe Hutto may be a human being who walks on two legs, yet he has nurtured a nearly cellular understanding of the way animals perceive, connect and communicate. He has spent the better part of 40 years embedded in a range of habitatsfrom the brackish marshes of the Florida Panhandle to the wide-open prairies of the Great Plainsforging intimate bonds with, among other creatures, wild turkeys, bighorn sheep and mule deer.

Right now, though, hes pulling me down the proverbial rabbit hole.

Hutto, a lean and ease-making fellow whose biological clock seems to have paused a couple of decades shy of his current 74 years, uses the term to describe his free-flowing thought process. He loves to hop into rich and colorful discourse on the mysteries and revelations of the natural world, which hes surrounded by daily in his home outside Tallahassee, where he is writing a new book, an expansive summing-up of a lifetime of practice as a naturalist, archaeologist, wildlife biologist and artist.

Whats the gist of it all?

Every living thing is inhabited by a sense of its own identity, begins Hutto, the author of several books including his most widely known, Illumination in the Flatwoods: A Season With the Wild Turkey (Lyons Press). Im basically going through different plants and animals and giving examples of how not only are they aware but they are brilliantly aware in their particular unique way, he says of his project.

The book in progress, Hutto says, will be called The Light in the Eye of the Deer: The Conscious Imperative in Biology. Seated next to him on a sofa in their den is Rita Coolidge, two-time Grammy Award-winning singer and songwriter, who married Hutto, her college sweetheart, a year ago after decades apart.

Whats the other subtitle? she prompts him, with a knowing glance. Hutto smiles. An Indictment of Human Nature.

I came to talk wild turkey but what I found was much harder to tame-love shared between two madly accomplished individuals whose paths led them both through the spotlight to where they are now and where they might never have expected to find themselves again: together.

Hutto and Coolidge have lived on this 8-acre patch of land, part of a long stretch of old plantation property a few miles south of the Georgia state line, for the past two years. They landed here about a year after their fateful 2016 reunion at Word of South, the literary and music festival in downtown Tallahassee, where the performer had come to read from her memoir, Delta Lady (Harper). Hutto wasnt going to go, assuming Coolidge would be inundated, as he says. Then his friends Helge and Carol Swanson intervened, dragging the shy woodsman to Cascades Park. The second Coolidge came off the stage, Carol Swanson ran through the crowd yelling Rita! Joes here! Hutto blanched. I literally died, he says. And then, boom.

During their days at Florida State University, a relationship sparked from their mutual love for making music. When the romance rekindled after more than 50 years, the couple circled back to Tallahassee, where it all beganCoolidge moving from Southern California, where she lived on a sprawling avocado grove, and Hutto from Wyoming, where he had most recently spent nine years studying the behavior of mule deer.

The couple sits holding hands on an autumn afternoon, each plaid-and-denim casual, sharing a view through one of the large glass windows that make the rustic, roomy home feel scarcely removed from the abundant wildlife outside. The backyard extends to a cypress marsh whose various microhabitats foster families of deer, cottonmouths, foxes, alligators, plus all kinds of birdscardinals and crows appearing to be most populous on a couple of recent afternoons, and occasional wood ducks and pileated woodpeckers. The Edenic scene was the site of their marriage ceremony, with about 50 close friends in attendance, including musicians like Graham Nash and Coolidges Nashville collaborator, the blues guitarist Keb Mo, who performed after the vows. Pure Panhandle.

In regard to what makes this particular part of the planet so special, Hutto cites his friend Dr. D. Bruce Means, a field ecologist who is an expert on Florida carnivorous plant bogs.

Means estimates that the wet flat bogs of the Apalachicola National Forest are likely as species-rich, if not more so, than any hes sampled. In a notable North Carolina study, done 25 years ago, he found 50 species of plants per square meter, which was then the worlds highest plant species richness measured on a meter-square basis. Floridas wilderness erupts with life in every form.

Not every critter drawn to Huttos property fits into the idyllic picture, however.

We were encouraging this nice little population of foxes, Hutto says, and starting to develop a personal relationship with these foxes.

One day, Hutto heard a noise in Coolidges car. Expecting to see a pack rat, he instead was assaulted by a rabid fox that hit me like an NFL linebacker. The fox sank its teeth into Huttos leg. Coolidge was exposed when she tended to the wound, so they both had to take a painful and extensive course of rabies shots, as did the two game wardens who arrived to put down the fox.

Every one is worse than the one before, Coolidge says of the treatments. Theyre shooting fire into your hand.

But what was more excruciating was the bill. $21,000 per person. That, Hutto says, was an $85,000 fox.

The upside? Coolidge smiles. We can play with baby raccoons now.

The way he recounts the story, Huttos brush with fame was kind of a fluke. Illumination in the Flatwoods: A Season With the Wild Turkey was published in 1995. It did relatively well for that kind of book, Hutto recalls. It came and went like a record. Then one day, years later, he answered the telephone. It was Bill Buford of The New Yorker. Hed read the book and wanted to do a story about the man who talked to turkeys. Hutto took a pass. He told him, Mr. Buford, Ive got a research project going in WyomingI was living with bighorn sheep at 12,000 feetI dont think I can do that. Ill have to get back to you.

Hutto rang up his editor and shared the news. There was this dead silence on the phone, he says. She said, Get your ass to Tallahassee right now! Bill Buford IS The New Yorker magazine! Hutto scrambled back to his native Panhandle to meet Buford, and the rest was history. The article, called Talking Turkey, was published in 2006 and gave Illumination a second life, with 10,000 copies sold. Then a producer in London, England, picked up The New Yorker issue while sitting in a doctors office and decided that Huttos experience was too weird not to make a documentary about. My Life as a Turkey, which first aired in 2011 on the BBC, recounts how the naturalist imprinted and raised a brood of wild turkeys and mastered their language. It was huge, Hutto says. I had no idea what I was getting into.

The media exposure made Huttos reputation and marked him as a singular figure in his field. As Buford wrote in his profile: Effectively, Hutto turned himself into a turkey. He walked like one. He went up into a tree like one. He learned to hunt for bugs like one. Without instruments or recordings, he learned also to talk like one, modulating his vocal cords to match the complex, almost musical notes that now surrounded him. A language of not just 13 basic sounds that some experts had identified but many subdivisions within those categories of sound, a vocabulary of at least 50 different kinds of verbal instruction. I spoke to them and they, in turn, talked to me, too.

When Rita met Joe for the first time, they sang together for hours at a beach house. It was Huttos first party as a college freshman, only a summer out of high school. He was too nerdy to bring a date, he says, so he had his guitar instead, a nice Martin that cost twice as much as my pathetic automobile. He began strumming it, and he soon had company. This lovely young woman came and sat down next to me. We knew all the same songs. I heard this voice and thought, These college girls are good, this is going to be fun. But when Hutto left, he did so without her name or phone number.

You idiot, he says. What were you thinking? Turns out, Coolidge was performing a lot around town, and Hutto was tipped off to a show at the LeRoc Lounge in the old Hotel Duval in downtown Tallahassee. Coolidge had dropped out of her sorority and gotten in deep in the campus art department.

We prided the paint on our jeans, she says. As was true elsewhere around the country in the early 1960s, the campus had a budding folk music scene, and Coolidge was an integral part of what there was of it, singing tunes by Joan Baez, Eric Andersen and others. We spent every spare minuteif youre not doing something else, youre rehearsing, playing music, because its the most fun thing to do, she says.

Coolidge graduated a year ahead of Hutto and moved back to her native Tennessee. She lived with her sister Priscilla and found work doing radio spots and studio sessions around Memphis, where the music scene was blowing up with soon-to-be-legendary labels like Stax Records. She became close with the musicians Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett and by 1968 was headed west to Los Angeles, the whirling epicenter of a musical revolution. I hadnt even been in front of audiences except at the LeRoc Lounge until I started working with Delaney and Bonnie, says Coolidge, who had to borrow the outfits she wore for appearances on TV shows like Shindig. She had three pairs of jeans and four shirts, but she also already had a song that was a No. 1 hit on LA radio.

I had never imagined anything like that, Coolidge says. It was LA at the end of 1968. The Doors were in one studio. Mick Jagger would wander into our sessions. My eyes were like saucers. I couldnt believe it. We were just a bunch of kids. Everyone in the band was in their 20s. Although shes never stopped working, the singer is so happily detached from what Joni Mitchell called the star-making machinery and its trappings that it was Hutto who asked to take her gold and platinum records out of storage and hang them on a wall in their music room.

Coolidge goes into more detail about the era in her memoir, which charts her emergence into the spotlight, from singing on Joe Cockers epochal 1970 Mad Dogs and Englishmen tour to her breakthrough as a major star with her 1977 cover of Jackie Wilsons Higher and Higher, which hit No. 2 on the Billboard pop chart. She largely focuses on her complicated musical and romantic partnership with singer-songwriter and former husband Kris Kristofferson, with whom she had her daughter Casey.

[LA at the time] it was just so beautiful. The musical community was so connected in such a positive way, she says. You could drive up through Laurel Canyon at night and just hear music, just coming from everywhere. It was fun and it was authentic and it was friendly.

Im sorry I didnt go now! Hutto interjects.

I told you, I told you, I told you, she says.

Hutto, who made a go of it as a professional musician with the Tallahassee Band in the 1970s and has recorded with country music great Tom T. Hall, among others, had to follow his own path: into the wild.

I knew that was where I belonged, he says. Im not a savant by any means, but there was no doubt in my mind that she was on a trajectory, it was so apparent. I knew that wasnt going to happen for me.

They saw each other briefly when Coolidge and Kristofferson played the FSU Homecoming Pow Wow in 1977. We were very close, Hutto says. Married to other people but best friends. A lot of near misses followed. We lost each other for decades, Coolidge adds. Hutto passed up chances to see her concerts when tours brought her his way, wary, he says, of being a distraction, hungry for her attention.

You would have had it, too, Coolidge tells him, had my full attention.

Hutto was back in the Panhandle in the winter of 2016, living in a cabin on a lake. His third wife, Leslye, died in 2014, and his nine years with the Wyoming mule deer, chronicled in Touching the Wild and its companion PBS documentary, had come to a close. He was at loose ends. Then Coolidge came to town.

It was instantaneous, he says. As soon as we saw each other it was like, OK, this is Joe and Rita time.

I was always aware of this vacuum inside where I felt Rita should have been, Hutto confesses. I wasnt made miserable by it, but I was always aware of it. We never had a bad moment, not an unkind word, in all the years we knew each other. When I saw her after 40 years it was like no time had passed.

The couple radiates a vibe of laid-back contentment and creative equilibrium. Their fields of achievement contrast. Coolidge still performs for thousands of fans in sold-out arenas. We have to do what we call the former hits, she says. Were still rockin it. Hutto mines his rich experience of communion with the wild. But they both have music to tie it all together.

When youre 20 years old everythings about you, Coolidge says. And as I get older, I realize its not. Its about him. She glances at Hutto and laughs.

Its not for nothing that the last song on her 2018 album, Safe in the Arms of Time, is called Please Grow Old With Me.

Ribbing aside, such a hard-won perspective is a valuable prize, something of which Coolidge is often reminded. Watching the Ken Burns series Country Music left her in tears every night, laughing and crying, she says. I knew personally probably 60 percent of the people. My sister and June Carter [Cash] had the same vocal coach, but we had run into her when I was a little kid. Brenda Lee and I were cheerleaders together in Nashville. A lot of those people are no longer with us.

Coolidges memoir put a lot of personal details on the table, along with plenty of backstage anecdoteslike how she wrote the (still uncredited) piano coda in the Derek and the Dominos hit Layla, one of the most indelible melodies in rock history.

But when I do interviews and people tell me, I read your book! Please tell me the Eric Clapton story again, Im like Really? Yet the impact made by sharing her own struggles as a woman in a male-dominated industry was greater than she expected. An aspiring performer wrote to thank her. The letter said Im going through what you went through now and Ive taken so much crap from guys and Im not doing it anymore, Coolidge says. If I just helped that one girl, because shes really talented Its hard not to get knocked down in this business, even now.

Hutto, by his own account, was not a good student. I thought I was wasting my time, he says. I needed to be out there. So the six-eight hours at school was agony until I got back home. Hutto took inspiration from writers like the conservationist Aldo Leopold, author of A Sand County Almanac, and transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau, author of Walden, and modeled his work on the examples of pioneering primatologists Dian Fossey and Jane Goodall, but largely struck out on his own trail. My perspectives are unique, in that my approach has been unusual, he says. A lot people do wildlife research and observe animals, but not the way I have or with the level of intensity.

Curious about exactly how intense? Let your eyes take in an unusual piece of art that hangs on the wall by Huttos desk. It is an illustration, made by a colleague and old friend, Florida State University professor Helge Swanson, that visualizes the themes from the first draft of The Light in the Eye of the Deer. Terms like evolution, art, bliss, existential angst, my chosen path and The Quest cluster together in a fevered whirl of blue or red Magic Marker script in a sequence of interconnected bubbles ringed by red arrows that ultimately point to one big word in the heart of it all: Consciousness.

This is a map to the rabbit hole.

Thats what my brain looks like and I didnt realize it, Hutto says. He completely disassembled every concept in this book, and put it back together, and showed how each thing relates or doesnt relate to the other and it just disturbed me so much when I saw it. I thought, Oh my God. What am I doing?

Whatever the answer is, Hutto has been doing it for the better part of three years, poring through his old field journals. Some of them are a real mess, with pages smeared with blood drawn by ravenous mosquitoes and yellow flies and muddied by turkeys walking over them with dirty feet.

Hutto is putting his thoughts and experiences together, because he wants to let the world know what the animals have told him.

Ive lived a huge part of my life embedded in the experience of wild things and have come to understand that their experience of the material world is extraordinary and they are truly awake in ways that human beings frankly arent, he says.

We are the least-conscious creature that I know. I have spent my life with animals that are actually awake on the planet and Ive come to know the difference. Ive always experienced this sort of embarrassment about my lack of awareness that is constantly pointed out to me by these creatures, who are actually awake, and Im reminded how dull I am in comparison. Thats what Im trying to write about and make people understand: that we dont set the bar on consciousness by any means. Thats human arrogance. We think were so extraordinary. Of course, we are, but every creature is. Its not a competition. Nature doesnt understand superiority. That is a human perception, entirely. Every living thing is absolutely extraordinary in some way.

Its fun to wonder what, say, a closely observant raccoon would make of the couple. The critter would hear Coolidge singing throughout the day, and Hutto says he is bound to hum along, as he is a harmonaholic. No matter what language a creature might choose to describe this habitat, it is surely as universal as music and love.

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Wild at Heart: At Home with Joe Hutto and Rita Coolidge - Flamingo Magazine

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Static Code Analysis Software Market Size and Growth Factors Research and Projection 2026): PyCharm, ReSharper, Coverity, etc - The Bay State Herald

The top pop culture moments, milestones and memories of the past ten years were not exactly easy to decide upon. It has been one particularly long, hallmark-filled, low-point loaded, eccentric, electric and ebullient decade. New paradigms were established when it came to media (from streaming to social); new highs reached with individual voices and rights (the federal legalization of same-sex marriage, for one thing); new languages emerged (meme speak); and newand some very nastyprecedents were set (Trump and his politics).

While its impossible to capture all of any ten years worth of happenings in one place, we cut out and picked apart our own little slice of the 2010s: the major cultural shifts, unlikely breakout stars, general absurdities and massive accomplishments that helped to define the decade. The following appear in no preferential sequence or order of importance. Each, rather, is part of our collective take on the popular culture icons that steered the eraand set the stage for the 2020s.

During the summer of 2016, everything (and everyone) flipped. Stranger Things , from the Duffer brothers, premiered in July on Netflix. It debuted somewhat quietly, but its wave quickly swelled: what would become of the four best friends and their newfound superhuman companion, racing through the backwoods of 80s-era Indiana, evading black-ops big-government, fighting dark-matter evil in the upside down, feeling the pangs of love for the first time, and so on? How great was it to see Winona Ryder, back in manic action, speaking to her missing son through blinking Christmas lights? Was Barb, hero and meme forever in our thoughts, alive ? For older viewers, Stranger Things pulled at the heartstrings of our own upbringings, before anything digital, when all we had for entertainment was analog radios, endless nature to explore, andmost importantlyuncontaminated imaginations. For younger audiences, throwback Indiana was, in itself, something of a green-screen facsimile; an upside-down to their own electro-saturated worlds. Netflix has knocked it out of the park with a few shows this decade Orange Is The New Black being its hallmarkbut Stranger Things was and is its most clever. Whether it was the defeat of the Demogorgon, the introduction of new stars including Millie Bobbie Brown, Sadie Sink (season 2), and Noah Schnapp, or the simple premise of this show being a 10 out of 10 on the binge-meter, Stranger Things has proven that theres nothing quite like nostalgia lit up in burning neon. - Nick Remsen

E!s Pretty Wild was originally slated as a quickly produced reality show about aspiring Hollywood socialites to fill the schedule between seasons of Keeping Up With The Kardashians, but it took a turn towards the bizarre when, after the pilot's filming, facts emerged that one of those would-be socialites, Alexis Neiers, was part of a squad the had burglarized the homes of celebrities like Paris Hilton and Lindsay Lohan. The press quickly coined them the Bling Ring, and E!s camera crews quickly shifted their focus. Their big payout came in the sixth episode, titled Vanity Unfair, in which Neiers and her mother Andrea react badly to an article about the criminal case in Vanity Fair magazine and attempt, multiple times, to leave an enraged voicemail for journalist Nancy Jo Sales to clarify that she was not wearing Louboutin shoes but rather four inch, little, brown Bebe shoes ($29!). In some ways, the moment comes across like a particularly nasty hangover from the previous decade (Lohan as an aspirational figure, a certain genre of schlock reality TV, the idea of young people actually leaving voicemails), but it also came to preface some of the uglier features of this decade: our problematic tendency to meme-ify any public freakout caught on camera, scammer culture, aspiring influencers fueled by the fumes of delusion, and, of course, the trend of unstable yet self-righteous people yelling at journalists that now extends to the Oval Office. Sofia Coppola was on to something when she decided to chronicle it all in her film, The Bling Ring . - Kyle Munzenrieder

What moment, exactly, should we pick as the one that K-pop truly made its mark on America? Was it Girls Generation becoming the first K-pop band to perform on American late night TV in 2012, when they appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman in front of guests Regis Philbin and Bill Murray? Would it be later that year when Psy cracked the upper echelons of the Billboard Hot 100 with his viral earworm Gangnam Style? Or was it when breakouts like CL and G-Dragon became front row regulars at fashion shows across the globe and started collaborating with Western artists? Or maybe it didnt truly happen until BTS broke a longstanding record previously held by The Beatles by placing three albums at the top of the Billboard chart in less than a year? The truth is, it has been a gradual movement, and one that doesnt show any signs of slowing down soon. And while the genre isnt immune from interrogation of cultural appropriation, K-pops global appeal hints at a future where the internet helps to dissolve cultural borders. A catchy hook and expertly executed dance moves have universal appeal. Heres to a 2020s where not only does K-pop continue to bloom, but the musical efforts of other non-Western countries get to shine on the world stage as well. - K.M.

On June 21, 2018, the multi-hyphenate talent Virgil Abloh debuted his first collection as the head of menswear at Louis Vuitton. His runway, which shot through central Paris like a rainbow laser beam, sent a clear, decisive message; this new era was to be all-inclusive, open-minded, and impossible to miss. Ablohs appointment at Vuitton marked a massive and key milestone in Pariss fashion industry diversification; Olivier Rousteing helped to lead the way in 2011, when he was hired as the head of Balmain (at only 24 years old). Likewise with Rihanna starting and leading her own label, Fenty, under LVMH. Abloh, though, has also profoundly expanded the idea of what it means to be a creative director; the man seems to be everywhere, doing everything. He deejays. He runs another label, Off-White. He curates exhibitions. He designs furniture. (Recently, he skipped Paris Fashion Week, as he needed, understandably, to take a bit of a break.) But on this particular cloud-free afternoon at the Palais-Royale, the resonance of what hed achieved hit its pinnacle. Abloh and Kanye Westlongtime friends and collaboratorsembraced, tears flowing, knowing just how significant the moment was. - N.R.

Ah, natures Xanax. CBD finds itself right at the center of the marijuana legalization, corporatized natural wellness and luxury self care Venn diagram. The compound cannabidiol was first named and discovered in 1940, but it exploded in popularity in 2018, when studies began to show that it might be able to help with things like anxiety and pain. Suddenly, you could find the stuff in tinctures, face oils, lattes, muscle rubs, bath bombs and $45 gumdrops, often beautifully packaged but with varying degrees of effectiveness and purity. The perfect balm for our stressed out times. - Andrea Whittle

Born out of the wonderfully voyeuristic beauty blog Into The Gloss, makeup and skincare brand Glossier flipped the script when it launched in 2010. Rather than the pouty, airbrushed supermodels of ad campaigns past, the company presented a cheerful, fresh-faced alternative on Instagram: cool, young, internet-savvy hot people with great skin who just see this stuff as fun. Back when Cara Delevingnes eyebrows were starting to make many of us rethink our threading routines, Glossier introduced Boy Brow, a product that has become a staple in makeup kits around the country. Well priced and sold in sleek, Millennial Pink packaging, the line was an instant hit, and remains hugely popular. Which reminds me, I need to restock my mascara - A.W.

Tom Cruise first cemented his status as a Hollywood heartthrob by dancing in his underwear to Huey Lewis. Leonard DiCaprio did it by drawing Rose like one of his French girls. Timothe Chalamet ? Well, he did it by having a carnal encounter with a juicy pitted peach in Call Me By Your Name. Included in Andr Acimans original novel, neither Chalamet nor director Luca Guadagnino thought it was possible to film the graphic vignette until they individually tried it, for real, at home. After some hesitation, they decided to shoot and include the scene. Unlike the book, however, Armie Hammers Oliver does not eat the peach (to the constant chagrin of certain parts of Twitter). The infamy of the sight became legend even before the film saw wide release, and helped launch Chalamet as a new kind of sex symbol. Its a staggering achievement for a daring idea in a European arthouse film about queer intimacy and desire, but one that also underscores the cultures evolution on discussing the depths and nuances of sex and lust over the decade. - K.M.

In the Age of the Scam, Miami rap duo City Girls have transformed from self-admittedly messing around (hear: thats Yung Miami / shes signed to Q.C. / how the fuck she got a deal? / she been rapping bout a week") into being legitimate superstars, man, as Jatavia JT Johnson says on the track JT First Day Out, which she recorded a few hours after being released from prison in October, 2019. She had just completed serving a partial sentence for credit card fraud. Johnson and her partner Caresha Yung Miami Brownlee first landed on the greater publics radar when they were featured on Drakes In My Feelings (Fuck that Netflix-and-chill / whats you net-net-net worth?), which premiered on the same day that Johnson surrendered. They worked hard beforehand, though, and while one half of the City Girls was away, Yung Miami kept them going; songs including Act Up, Twerk (with Cardi B), and earlier recordings like Where The Bag At? and Take Yo Man (which reimagines the old Salt-n-Pepa track Ill Take Your Man) all became big hits. Beyond the surface indulgence of their music, though, the City Girls have become influential in, simply, how they live; much of what theyve said on the fly has become part of contemporary vernacular. Think: Period" (pronounced periodt ) and flewed out. So much about them seems to become larger than the original instinct or idea; here's hoping the City Girls continue to keep it going deep into the 2020's, in Louis tennis shoes and all. - N.R.

Beyoncs headlining Coachella performance, dubbed "Beychella," made history in 2018. It was easily one of the top pop culture moments of any decade. As the first black woman to headline the California music festival, she delivered , giving her fansand haterseverything they wanted (and then some) when it came to presenting her catalog. The show also included a Destinys Child reunion and an appearance by Beyonc's sister, Solange Knowles. She upped the ante the following year when she released a live album recording of the event and a surprise documentary about developing the HBCU-inspired performance, which earned her an Emmy nomination in 2019. - Brooke Marine

I saw A Star is Born in theaters three times, which is an absurd thing to do, let alone admit to doing. But the movie, with its soaring soundtrack, straight-up emotionally manipulating story, and electrifying-to-the-point-of-uncomfortable chemistry between Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga has an absurd kind of power. Sure, its a little corny. But it landed on our cultural landscape like a meteor. Even just the trailer, in which the world first heard Gaga belt out haaaaAaaaaAAAaawaaaahaaaaAAaaAAAaaWAAAAAAAAA, spawned a meme: Hey. What? I just wanted to take another look at you. (I just want to take another look at this movie. Seriously, Id see it ten more times.) -A.W.

In 2010, in the seventh season of The X Factor , five British lads came together to form a band called One Direction. There was Niall, the sweet one, Louis, the prankster, Harry the heartthrob, Liam, the bands natural vocal leader, and Zayn, the bad boy. Teens around the world quickly fell in love with their heavily-produced sound and chart-topping 2011 single "What Makes You Beautiful. There were multiple SNL appearances, two concert films, and so much fan fiction. Not since Beatlemania had there been such a British invasion into American pop culture. We had all really, really missed boy bands, it seemed. But then, turbulenceZayn left the band in 2015. 1D made two more albums post-Zayn (who attempted to embark on what became a rocky solo career), before Harry Styles left to do his own thing, with far more aplomb. The other three soon followed and while the band says they are on "hiatus," we all know the chance of them getting back together in any capacity is slim. - B.M.

Who would have thought that not only would this decade give us the ability to stream content directly from Netflix, but also from Hulu and Amazon? And HBO. And HBO Max. And Apple TV+. And Disney+, CBS All Access, Showtime, Peacock, and a handful of other services that, for a small fee, will deliver content directly to your computer. Or phone. Or tablet. And who would have also thought that each of those platforms would debut original content that you could only access via streaming? The 2010's were largely about the streaming wars. We have the privilege of watching these networks fight tooth and nail to beat each other at their own game. There have never been more services for creatives to share original ideas, but the sheer volume of it all has given everyone content nausea. They say nobody pays for cable or watches TV on an actual TV anymore, but by the time you cut a check for all of the original content each entity has to offer, you might as well pay for some sort of package that bundles all of the streaming platforms together into one. - B.M.

Remember when you could only post photos youd taken in the app? Remember when all the filters included funny little borders that made your pix look like bleached-out polaroids? For that matter, remember the ubiquity of Valencia? (!) Or when Boomerang was a separate app? Or when photos could only be square? Or when the only people you followed were your actual friends and family? Instagram has morphed drastically since it was introduced in October 2010, from a quirky photo sharing app to an advertising and marketing behemoth that demands our constant attention. It has birthed an entirely new economy based on the finnicky metrics of influence. Whether you think thats a good or bad thing, the app has had an immeasurable impact on our culture, the way we present ourselves to the world, and how we think about the people and products we surround ourselves with. Although, it might all be about to change again. Soon, well be asking: Remember likes? -A.W.

Its hard to think of a TV show at any point in the history of the medium that was as divisive or closely analyzed as HBOs Girls. Lena Dunhams gritty, funny show painted an occasionally bleak portrait of a very specific kind of millennial life in Brooklyn, where privilege, apathy and anxiety mingled with bad sex, terrible friends, and even worse apartments. Often compared with the infinitely more glamorous Sex and the City , it held a mirror to our times, for better or for worse. Dunhams Hannah Horvath said it best: "I think I might be the voice of my generation. Or, at least, a voice of a generation." -A.W.

This decade delivered not one, but two royal weddings! The somewhat restrained and very traditional pomp and circumstance of the first nuptialsthe 2011 knot-tying between Prince William and Kate Middletonalmost paled in comparison to the history-making frenzy surrounding the second big royal wedding between Prince Harry and Meghan Markle in 2018. A black American was set to join the royal family, and the racism in both the press and amongst minor royals did not go unnoticed, either. 11.2 million people tuned in to YouTubes live stream of the ceremony, and wedding dress memes went viral, as they tend to do. We cant wait for the dramatic reenactment on a future season of The Crown . -B.M.

Moonlight released on October 21, 2016, with direction and screenwriting by Barry Jenkins and story development by Tarell Alvin McCraneyis one of the decades most galvanizing and poignant films. From Liberty City, Miami, it tells a three-tiered coming-of-age (and coming out) narrative around Chiron, who must not only come to terms with his own identity, but also those powerful peripheral forces that can fragment it like a palm frond might the glow of a street lamp. The movie, produced by A24, achieved huge success: it won Best Picture at the Academy Awards, becoming the first film with an all-black cast to do so. It was also the first victor in the category to be focused around an LGBTQ-related premise. Mahershala Ali, who plays Juan, a drug dealer who also stands in as a father figure for Chiron, became the first Muslim to win an Oscar for acting. Yet the most remarkable thing about Moonlight is not its accoladesit is the films inherent humanity, regardless of race or sexual orientation or socioeconomic bracket. The scene in which Juan pseudo-baptizes Chiron, in the gray-green murkiness of Biscayne Bay, is definitive: no matter who you are, were all just trying to stay afloat. -N.R.

If anyone has had a standout visual arc in this decade, its Kylie Jenner. For years, she denied enhancing her lips. But once she capitulated and admitted to getting lip fillers in 2015, the heavens (and credit lines) opened up for the youngest Jenner. She had realized things. Jenner took her signature bee-stung pout a step further by creating Kylie Lip Kits, and the general American public has genuinely not been the same since. Now, instead of fillers, you could just use a little bit more liner and smear on some liquid gloss to get the full Kylie effect. The moment she debuted those Lip Kits on her site, they sold out within a minute. And now, a billion or so dollars later, shes just sold the majority stake to her Kylie Cosmetics company while retaining kreative kontrol. She is King. -B.M.

Throughout much of the 2010s, queer voices in the comedy community were vastly under-recognized. (Though Tig Notaro did break through in 2012 with her dazzling Live album). Yet by the end of the decade, someone like Harry Styles was making jokes about poppers and bottoming on Saturday Night Live . The watershed moments between those points may have been the sketch Wells For Boys, a two-minute faux-commercial written by Julio Torres and Jeremy Beiler and starring Emma Stone about a Fisher Price plastic well for sensitive boys to reflect in while theyre not watching Y Tu Mama Tambien. It was a quiet little sketch, but one that loudly announced that an underground queer comedy scene of diverse talents had arrived. -K.M.

In the age of streaming, 30 Rock may go done as the last truly great original network sitcom. Were okay with that. -K.M.

Remember when activism was as simple as sporting a yellow LiveStrong bracelet? Societyor a portion of it, anywayhas since come to understand that to effect real change, one must take real action. And in the summer of 2014, there was no action more real than obtaining documentation that you had dumped a bucket of ice water on your head. Swept up in a wave of what wasnt so much good will as competition, participants of the so-called Ice Bucket Challenge" strove to complete, and capture, the act with fervor. (The Ice Bucket Challenge was conceived to raise awareness around ALS.) The key to a winning entry was twofold: an innovative, amusing approach, and a list of names of those that you nominated to follow suit within 24 hours that was mostly just a flex. Of the great many people who did it, Donatella Versace came out on topwithout so much as lifting a finger. Which is a very Donatella Versace thing to do, or not to do. In her challenge, she enters a surreal scene where two shirtless, chiseled men are standing sentry, awaiting her commands. Hello, I am Donatella Versace, she says, completely unnecessarily, before nominating Pedro Almodvar, Pharrell Williams, andwait for itPrince. -Stephanie Eckardt

After gaining notoriety for her supporting part on Orange is the New Black, actress Laverne Cox was put on the cover of Time in 2014, with the cover-line The Transgender Tipping Point. When Pose premiered four years later, we knew in which direction the culture had tipped. Centering transgender characters as played by transgender actors (with a good amount of trans talent, including Janet Mock and Our Lady J behind the scenes, as well) the show was, in and of itself, a revolution. And what better subject matter to start with? Jennie Livingstons 1990 documentary Paris is Burning exposed the mainstream to Harlems ballroom scene, but then the mainstream picked it apart like culture vultures. Pose took the narrative back, and hopefully sets the scene for its talent to tell more in the future. -K.M.

Even when Ryan Murphy doesnt give us what we think we want (traditional narrative structure, satisfying and cohesive world-building logic, sensical conclusion, consistent tempo), he can give us things so singularly bizarre that we couldnt have imagined how much we needed them. Case in point: American Horror Story. Things like Frances Conroy strapped to a pyre while dressed up in Grace Coddington drag screaming Balenciaga! before being burned alive. Indeed, AHSs Coven may stand as Murphys defining television creation. It was so close to actually making sense, but if its failures were because Murphy was too busy trying to cast Stevie Nicks and dreaming up lines like What is this? Knotty pine!? for Jessica Lange, then, well, we forgive him. -K.M.

Its not that social thrillers didnt exist before the 2010s, but it had been a while since wed seen something as meditative on the contemporary black American experience as Jordan Peeles Get Out when it was released in 2017. Get Out was a watershed moment for mainstream film, earning Peele an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay the following year. After its release, the movie made space for more socially conscious horror films after it, like Sorry to Bother You and Parasite . -B.M.

First there was Vine, then there was Music.ly, then there was TikTok. Throughout the evolutionary stages of the short-video-clip social media platforms, YouTube has flanked the categorys side as a sort of catch-alland all-powerfuloverseer. This particular social medium has given rise to plenty of its own celebrities, and, in turn, it has de-polished, to an extent, the curated gloss of Instagram and Facebook. Cameron Dallas is the poster child of this realm; he ascended to prominence on Vine, and has since become a social media heavyweight (the guy has dozens of millions of followers across his channels). When did the rest of the world really notice? When Dallas first made an appearance in Milan in early 2017, attending a fashion show for Dolce & Gabbana. The hordes of paparazzi and screaming fans outside were not for ones traditional movie star or music icon. They were for a guy from California who had no reservations in filming clips of himself doing silly, pointless things. (In a way, the Vine mentality might be traced back to the prior decades TV show Jackass , which had a more hazardous but just as ephemeral premise.) -N.R.

A hypebeast"a term coined by the media platform of the same nameis a voracious consumer of the drop, and a wearer of a select stable of skateboard-centric or younger-glancing brands, ranging from Supreme to Palace to Off-White to Nike to KITH to Anti-Social Social Club to well, the list is long. Hypebeast-dom also comes with a massive resale market, which is a byproduct phenomenon of the terms ascent. All of this being said: Hype crossed into fashions upper echelons in January 2017, when Kim Jones, then head of Louis Vuitton menswear, launched a collaboration with Supreme that broke the sartorial internet. The latters white Futura font and scarlet color scheme was emblazoned on the formers Epi leather Keepall duffle; a hoodie, blending both houses logos, is currently asking north of $12,000 on StockX. It was they hype-iest hype move in hype history, and it paid off big-time for both Vuitton and Supreme. As Jones told Vogue s Sarah Mower, the move was about capturing the Pop identity of Louis Vuitton, and the joy of the brand. It worked, and then some. -N.R.

The Kardashians are contouring, the kids are gleefully flaunting gender norms, and your 52-year-old conservative aunt is suddenly laughing about throwing shade at your mothers mashed potato recipe at Thanksgiving Dinner. RuPauls Drag Race is responsible. What started as a curious cable experiment on Logo in season one, found its rhythm is season two thanks largely to contestants Raven and Jujubee, and truly started to reach its potential in season three. While the impeccably styled Raja won that season, it was Shangela who produced its most iconic moment by going on a highly quotable diatribe about sugar daddies and the limits of fellow contestants propensity for glamour. The show never looked back, and its contestants are now bankable stars in their own right. Shangela, for her part, has gone on to feature on an Ariana Grande album and steal scenes from Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper in A Star is Born . -K.M.

Its rare for a Broadway show become a cultural phenomenon outside the New York metropolitan area. Its rarer still for historical fiction based on a biography of a founding father to catch anyones attention. But Lin-Manuel Miranda s musical about Alexander Hamilton exploded onto the pop cultural landscape. Reframing history with a racially diverse cast, the historical fiction drama told via hip hop resonated with the nation from coast to coast, giving us multiple albums (including The Hamilton Mixtape, which debuted at number 1 on the Billboard charts) and getting Miranda a slew of Tony Awards, a Grammy, and a Pulitzer Prize. -B.M.

Around two-and-a-half years ago, Kaia Gerberthen 14, but already strikingly poised and self-assuredstopped by the W office and told me that while she was dying to walk runway shows, she was waiting until the proper age, aka 16. True to her word, just four days after her 16th birthday, she turned up on oneat the already highly anticipated New York Fashion Week debut of Raf Simonss Calvin Klein, no lessand she hasnt left the pinnacle of the fashion sphere since. This decade also saw the rise of other millennial model scions like Kendall Jenner, Bella and Gigi Hadid, and Hailey Bieber (ne Baldwin). Gerber is something of an exception in that shes been brimming with encyclopedic knowledge of fashion for years now, not to mention clearly has staying power. The fact that its easy to forget that shes Cindy Crawfords daughter goes to show just iconic shes become. -S.E.

This moment from the 2013 Oscars is somehow still just as funny almost seven years later. The sheer confidence with which John Travolta introduces Idina Menzel as the wickedly talented, one and only, Adele Dazeem has been seared into our collective consciousness, where I hope it remains forever. Even his little deferential bow at the end is pure comedy. What was he thinking? What did the teleprompter say? Does it still keep him up at night? We may never know. And I dont care. -A.W.

Like any awards show, the Golden Globes usually kicks off with a colorful, competitive display of red carpet pageantry. But in 2018, a week after 300 public figures banded together to launch Times Up, the Globes was a sea of black, with attendees expressing their solidarity with victims of sexual harassment and assault. Meryl Streep and Michelle Williams brought activists as their dates, while others affixed Times Up pins to their chests. As it turned out, that didnt necessarily mean they were sincerely behind the cause: a clearly flabbergasted David Harbours failure to answer the question of what he thought time was up on was so bleak it was comical, and not a single mans acceptance speech made mention of the #MeToo movement or Times Up. For better or for worse, it perfectly foreshadowed the early stages of activism that followed: all too rare instances of people in power actually using their platforms to make a difference, accompanied by a few helpings of petty drama. (A portion of which, naturally, ended up centering around Lena Dunham.) -S.E.

Perhaps youve found yourself wondering how this decade ended up with Kanye Westexcuse us, Christian Genius Billionaire Kanye Westreleasing an album earnestly titled Jesus Is King, or Justin Bieber frequently attending church services and even marrying a fellow worshipper. Well, we have one word for you: Hillsong. If youve never heard of it, well, thats because it isnt so much a self-proclaimed megachurch as an unabashedly celebrity-friendly enclave; after all, it took Biebers conversion from Belieber to believer so seriously that one of its most prominent pastorswhose liturgical attire consists of flannels and oversized aviator glassestook him into his own home, baptized him in an NBA players bathtub, and eventually employed him as a religious intern. Not every A-lister belongs to Hillsongor, for that matter, attends Sunday Servicesbut its still emblematic of the wave of Christianity thats overtaken regular ol spirituality (remember Kabbalah bracelets?) in Hollywood. Whether or not congregants are true believers or just drawn to religions aesthetically hip, Helvetica-heavy rebrand is besides the point. (And so, apparently, are the institutional traditions that survived the rebrandlike the fact that Hillsongs track record with the LGBTQ community is shaky at best.) -S.E.

If youve been sexually harassed or assaulted write me too as a reply to this tweet, the actor Alyssa Milano tweeted on October 15, 201710 days after the New York Times published an expos of Harvey Weinstein, the former Hollywood mogul who had allegedly been sexually harassing and abusing women for decades. Originally the brainchild of the activist Tarana Burke, the idea was to show the public the magnitude of the issue, which had already come to symbolize the abuses that women have silently endured forat the very leastdecades before Weinstein even existed. It worked. The # MeToo movement quickly became the catch-all phrase for any and everything to do with the post-Harvey Weinstein reckoning (and Burke even finally received her due). -S.E.

The pseudonymous author of a series of four dense books about a complicated friendship between two women growing up in a poor, mafia-blighted part of Italy would seem an unlikely pop icon. But Elena Ferrante caused a literary frenzy with The Neapolitan Novels. The books themelves, with their somewhat strange, eye-catching cover designs and whiff of European sophistication, also ushered in a new era of feminist-leaning literary fiction as status accessory, the kind of books youre excited to post on your Instagram stories or crack open on a crowded beachRachel Cusks Outline trilogy and both of Sally Rooneys novels could be placed in the same category. They ignited heated conversations about the dynamics of female friendship; had literary critics champing at the bit to figure out if she was, in fact, a man; got adapted into a moody, stylized HBO series; and attracted legions of both fans and haters. (I loved them) -A.W.

It seems almost impossible now that Vetements started out purposefully cloaked in anonymity. Even long before its founder, Demna Gvasalia, was appointed to the helm of Balenciaga, the labels out-there clothes (sock boots with lighters for heels, floral dresses with sleeves that extended way beyond arms length) were seemingly everywhere. By the time then-burgeoning street style star Celine Dion pulled the very meta move of stepping out in a $885 Titanic-themed Vetements hoodie, the brand had already solidified its place in the fashion pantheon. - S.E.

Carly Rae Jepsen s seminal pop hit Call Me Maybe rejuvenated the concept of the earworm when the single dropped in 2011. The songs virality was unprecedented at the time, thanks to a Justin Bieber lip sync and label co-sign. The hook of Call Me Maybe was so undeniably catchy that nary a hater could shake it out of their head no matter how hard they tried. It seemed like every sports team under the sun recorded a lip sync video of the track. Even the cast of Glee produced a rendition of it in 2012. It didnt just go gold or platinum in the U.S., it went diamond. For those who thought this catchy pop tune would make Jepsen a one-hit wonder, she proved them wrongdead wrongin 2015 when she followed up with EMOTION, a fantastical disco-pop album. Like Alanis Morissette, another iconic Canadian singer-songwriter before her who faced a delayed recognition of her genius, it took until Jepsen third studio album for critics to take her seriously. And nearly a decade later, Call Me Maybe still slaps. Hows that for longevity? -B.M.

The often repeated line A million dollars isnt cool. You know whats cool? A Billion Dollars. Is a slightly truncated version of the original exchange in 2010s The Social Network , which told the story of the early days of Facebook. In the film, Andrew Garfield responds to Justin Timberlake s question with a slightly defensive You? Timberlake smiles wryly and starts to respond as the camera cuts, in a classic example of screenwriter Aaron Sorkins pacing, between him and Garfield delivering the kicker: A billion dollars. Its a perfect distillation of what weve come to recognize as cringey Silicon Valley bravadobroey but also extraordinarily lame. How bizarre that these people have become our overlords. Although thats not the only line from that scene thats been quoted into oblivion (drop the the. Its cleaner.) theres another, lesser known one that was perhaps the most prescient: Private behavior is a relic of a time gone by. -A.W.

Harmony Korines Spring Breakers , circa 2013, was a messy yet riveting ode to the polychrome teenage wasteland of coastal Florida, and by extension, any party town when schools out. It starred Selena Gomez and James Franco (as a maybe-rapper named Alien), among others, and was scored by Skrillex (which Id forgotten, but which is a very essential piece of information). Its reception among critics and audiences alike was weak-to-average at best. No matter, though: Spring Breakers was ahead of its time. In one respect, it paved the way for hyper-saturated Floridian fare, such as 2017s far stronger The Florida Project, and in another, it painted the framework for the neon hallucinatory aura that would heavily inform HBOs Euphoria . We'll also never be able to get the lingering line "spraaaaaaang breaaaak" out of our heads. -N.R.

Lady Gaga certainly wasnt the first modern popstar to base their aesthetics on the excesses of the avant-garde fashion runways (See: Irish singer Risn Murphys Overpowered era or Bjrks entire career since Vespertine ), but Gaga was the first to do it with the full force of paparazzi and mainstream gossip blog attention. So while the Murphys and Bjrks of the world could space out their outr looks for maximum impact, by 2010 Gaga was burning through fashion statements at an unsustainable pace. There was the Jean-Charles de Castelbajac Kermit coat during an interview, the Alexander McQueen armadillo heels in the Bad Romance video and other occasions, the Armani cosmic iceberg-like headpiece at that years Grammys, and Francesco Scognamiglios three-tiered haunted wedding cake dress at the Brits. So when she accepted the VMA Moonman for Video of the Year for Bad Romance in September of that year (which would be the biggest awards show night of her career until, arguably, the most recent Oscars), how could she even top herself? Well, Gaga and stylist Nicola Formichetti decided to forgo fabric and thread all together, and commissioned a dress made out of raw flank steak. "I never thought I'd be asking Cher to hold my meat purse, she said that night. Us either. -K.M.

To the chagrin of public health officials and anxious parents everywhere, one of the most major glow ups of the decade was that of the vape. Indeed, Juulthe rebrands poster childbears such little resemblance to the metal monstrosities of yore that for several years, teens could believably pass it off as a flash drive. Alas, those days are in the past: The demise of Juul is officially upon us, arriving just as quickly as its rise. Suddenly, pod flavors like cool mint, cucumber, fruit medley, mango, and crme brle have all gone up in (potentially lethal) smoke. Celebrities who once seemed glued to their devices are being photographed with empty hands. Bella Hadid is no longer posting strangely mesmerizing videos of herself exhaling, and even Sophie Turnerthe last bastion of Juul culturehasnt posted any Juul content since the Game of Thrones finale in May. What happens of Juuls in the afterlife remains to be seen, but at least Sofia Richies will be laid to rest in the alligator-embossed coffin that was once her Juul case. -S.E.

When San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick first refused to stand during the National Anthem in 2016, he sparked a protest movement across the nation. I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of color. To me, this is bigger than football and it would be selfish on my part to look the other way. There are bodies in the street and people getting paid leave and getting away with murder, he said, in reference to the deaths of black Americans at the hands of police officers. Kaepernicks kneeling caused him to effectively be blacklisted from the NFL, filed a lawsuit against the organization, and eventually reached a settlement, but he was rightit was bigger than football. -B.M.

The Monterey Fiveas they will be known in the canon of entertainment historyare a quintet of women in the HBO series Big Little Lies (an adaptation of a book by the same name by Liane Moriarty). There is Reese Witherspoons feisty Madeline Mackenzie, Zo Kravitzs troubled Bonnie Carlson, Nicole Kidmans ethereal yet wounded Celeste Wright, Shailene Woodleys new-to-the-scene and also wounded Jane Chapman, and the absolutely masterful Laura Dern as an uncompromising, if insecure, Renata Klein. Together, the cover up a killing, but more interestingly, they never let you in on whether or not they actually do have good intentions. Like the eerie calm of the Pacific looming permanently in the background, you cant help but wonder that these women have bigger, not-so-little lies in their pasts, as they swirl around their expensive glasses of wine. Kidman gives an incredible scene in which Celeste, a lawyer, is defending herself in a custody battle. But it is Derns brilliant, unhinged lineI will not not be rich!that sets the lightly absurd tone for one of the most soapy-shimmery programs of the 2010s. -N.R.

It feels weird to put a spoiler alert before an item on an end-of-decade list, but if you are one of the few people who have never watched an episode of Game of Thrones maybe you should move on to the next item. Sure, you might think the idea of you actually watching the show after all of that may be surprising, but more shocking things have happened. Shocking things like, well, (spoiler alert!) an HBO show ruthlessly killing off a handful of its most beloved main characters during what was set up as a wedding celebration. Even though the moment happened all the way back in the third season, the massacre still stands as the signature gut punch of a show filled with them. -K.M.

Perhaps no story better encapsulates America today than that of Alice Marie Johnson , who was 63 years old and two decades into a life sentence without parole when her case caught the attention of one Kim Kardashian. Outraged by the fact that Johnsons incarceration stemmed from a first-time nonviolent drug offense in the mid-90s, Kardashian made her first-ever visit to the White House so that she could personally petition Johnsons case to Donald Trump, in a reality-star-to-reality-star tte--tte. For better or for worse, it worked. The president granted Johnson clemency, somehow managing to make the outlook of Americas broken criminal justice system look even more bleak. In between studying to become a lawyer and texting Jared Kushner, Kardashian has since returned to the White House so regularly that its become a stomping ground of sorts. But even as she moved on to other prisoners, Kardashian wasnt finished with Johnson just yet. Which brings us to the perfect happy ending: Kardashian asked Johnson to become a Skims shapewear model. -S.E.

A hip-hop song built around a sample from an album by alt-rock legends Nine Inch Nails that briefly lit up the country music charts until it was (controversially) removed, Lil Nas Xs Old Town Road became the longest running number one song on the Billboard charts not just of this decade but any other. While some wrote OTR off as a optimized-for-streaming meme that got out of hand, theres no denying the song buried its way deeply into our collective heads. Just 19 years old at the songs release, Lil Nas X may have even produced the first significant cultural work of Generation Z, and in that context may foreshadow whats to come in the 2020s. For a generation that has had the entirety of human knowledge at their fingertips since the time they could read, the myth of originality seems exposed. In its place, recontextualizing the existing into surprising combinations and streamlining it for our algorithm overlords. -K.M.

Few scandals have produced more potent schadenfreude than a group of B-List actresses scamming their childrens ways into college with millions of dollars, a shocking degree of willful ignorance and photoshopped water polo glamour shots. So-called Operation Varsity Blues sparked a larger conversation about the murky metrics of college admissions, privilege on campus, and the fact that most people who spend millions of dollars to increase their childs chance of getting into an Ivy do it by just giving that money directly to the school. -A.W.

In 2016, 18-year-old Malia Obama started off her gap year by attending music festivals around the nation, hanging out in relative peace until paparazzi spotted her smoking at Lollapalooza in Chicago. Tabloids took the photos and ran with them, shaming her for smoking what appeared (but was never confirmed) to be a joint at an outdoor concert where other attendees were likely rolling on much harder stuff. George W. Bushs daughters were busted for underage drinking in 2001, but the media wouldnt let Obama live after her alleged marijuana use. Her rather brilliant response? Wearing a white t-shirt with handwritten text that read smoking kills paired with a Harvard baseball cap at Philadelphias Made in America Festival a couple months later. -B.M.

2017s Bodak Yellow announced the arrival of Cardi B, and, in turn, Cardi B announced the arrival of an entirely new wave of celebritya star who rose the ranks by fighting, tooth-and-bedazzled-nail, through strip clubs and social media to the very apex of fame. Cardine Belcalis Almnzarhas not released anything quite as exciting as Bodak, which proudly delivered such declaratives as If I see you and I dont speak / that means I dont fuck with you in that now very famous, very stays-in-your-ears Cardi accent. The Bronx-born superstar shot to the top and hasnt budged since; with Offset and baby Kulture in tow, it does not appear that the money moves will ebb. She has moved on, though, from only coveting bloody shoes (a line from Bodak that nods to Christian Louboutins famous red soles). Cardi has become a more avant-garde fashion plate, too, (sometimes) trading in her Fashion Nova for designers like Richard Quinn, Thom Browne and Balenciagas Demna Gvasalia. -N.R.

With the rise of YouTube came the rise of an extremely powerful kind of niche celebrity: The Beauty Vlogger . With their punchy, sped-up videos and hyper-stylized makeup looks (high contrast brows, heavy contouring, saturated matte lips) they invented an entirely new aesthetic vernacular. The kind of detailed makeup once only reserved for the red carpet started to slowly creep its way into real life, where teenagers always have their cameras at the ready to capture their latest Ulta haul or wax poetic about their favorite Kylie Lip Kit shade. Members of the beauty vlogging community, some of whom have tens of millions of followers, even have their own villains and feuds, like when Tati Westbrook and James Charles had a very public spat over personal drama. But hey, at least their makeup looked great the whole time. -A.W.

Crazy Rich Asians , the first of a trilogy of novels by Kevin Kwan anchored in the richer-than-God circles of Singapore and Hong Kong, became 2013s beach read of choice. Five years later, the film adaptation by the same title broke significant ground as the first film in 25 yearsever since The Joy Luck Club in 1993to feature an all-Asian cast and Asian-American leads. Most of the world met stars Henry Golding and Awkwafina for the very first time. Constance Wu became a household name. And for 2 hours and 1 minute, we gawked at the .0000000001%, with their private-jets-to-bachelorette parties, their endless infighting, their opulent wedding ceremonies, their earrings that cost lots of millions of dollars (is it us or could Astrid have been styled a little more chicly? Kwan goes all in on the fashion history in his books, including mentions of a vintage Vionnet piece. Gemma Chan did not get as informed of a wardrobe in the movie), and their careful and meticulous and ever-shifting rankings based on net worth. As Awkwafinas Peik Lin says to Wus Rachel, when the latter is thinking of leaving her billionaire boyfriend: Good for you. Walking away from Nick and his family's fat-ass property portfolio. You have no one, no net worth, but you have integrity. That's why I respect you. Lol. -N.R.

There comes a day in every Disney stars life when they decide to put their innocence in the past. For Miley Cyrus, that was August 25, 2013, when more than 10 million viewers watched the former teenybopper twerk her heart out at that years MTV VMAs. The performancewhich Cyrus rounded out with various other moves, like simulating annilingus and getting frisky with both Robin Thicke and a giant foam fingergenerated 306,000 tweets per minute. And the dialogue most definitely didnt stop there. Looking back, Cyrus wasnt so much obviously deeply troubled [and] deeply disturbed, as Mika Brzenzinski put it the following morning on MSNBC, as, well, just being Miley. -S.E.

Read more:
The Top 50 Pop Culture Moments, Milestones and Memories of the Decade - W

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Region and country-wise assessment from the period 2016-2026. For the study, 2016-2017 has been utilized as historical data, 2018 as the base year, and 2019-2026, has been derived as forecasts for the Portable RFID Printers market.

Regional Competitors pipeline analysis.

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Industry Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, and recommendations).

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SINGAPORE : India's OYO Rooms (also know as OYO Hospitality and Homes) officially launched its hotels in Thailand earlier this month and declared its ambition to have two million rooms under management in Southeast Asia by 2025.

Speaking at the launch, Mandar Vaidya, OYO's CEO for Southeast Asia and the Middle East, said, "South East Asia and in particular Malaysia was OYO's first foray outside of India. Today, OYO is present in more than 250 cities with more than 2,500 franchised and leased hotels across Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam. That number will rise with the addition of OYO Thailand."

He added that the expected influx of tourists particularly from Asia to Thailand, and the increased frequency of flights by airlines into Thailand, will reinforce OYO's market leadership position in the region and help it achieve its goal.

In Thailand, OYO has launched 250 franchised hotels with 8,000 rooms in 13 cities including the popular destinations of Bangkok, Pattaya, Phuket and Hua Hin.

Adding Thailand to the portfolio of countries in which it operates is an important milestone in OYO's expansion into Southeast Asia and is expected to play a significant role in the growth of its business in the region.

Although OYO already has operations in the important tourism markets of Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines, Thailand with its varied attractions and experiences, together with its stunning landscape is perceived to be the crown jewel. For comparison, while the four countries it currently operates in attracted a total of 64.2 million tourists in 2018 - Malaysia 25.8 million, Indonesia 15.8 million, Vietnam 15.5 million, Philippines 7.1 million - Thailand itself saw 38.3 million foreign visitors arriving on its shores in 2018. Tourism contributes around 18 per cent to Thailand's GDP.

OYO was founded by Ritesh Agarwal in 2013 and is headquartered in Gurgaon. It claims to be the world's fastest-growing company and third largest global chain of operated hotels, houses, managed living and workspaces. It operates more than 23,000 properties in 18 countries across800 cities globally and employs over 17,000 people. Just in India and South Asia alone, it has 8,000 hotels. OYO mostly operates "chic" hotels and accommodation for the budget-conscious traveller.

It's business model encompasses offering guests a similar and consistent lodging experience across all its properties in any city. When customers book accommodation with OYO, they know what to expect and this helps them in planning their trip.

For its business partners, OYO offers franchisees a common booking platform, its technology expertise, financial know-how, operational and design capabilities so that properties can elevate their customer service and guest experience. As a result, partner hotels benefit through increased occupancy and profitability.

The Wall Street Journal reported that the fast-growing Indian hospitality business achieved a valuation of USD10 billion in July this year when its founder, Ritesh Agarwal, purchased USD2 billion in shares from venture capital firms Sequoia Capital and Lightspeed Venture Partners. This increased his stake in the company from 10 per cent to 30 per cent. Softbank owns almost 50 per cent of the company. Other prominent investors include Grab Holdings, Airbnb, Greenoaks, Didi Chuxing, Hero Enterprise and China Lodging Group.

Speaking at the OYO Thailand launch, Alpana Dubey, deputy chief of mission at the Indian embassy in Thailand, commented that more than 2 million tourists from India are expected in Thailand this year, and OYO has a key role to play in transforming the tourism landscape.

Dubey said, "OYO is one of India's success stories and a brand that's recognised not just in India, but globally," adding, "It gives me immense pleasure to welcome them to Thailand and wish them all success here in the Kingdom."

Country head of OYO Thailand, Ashutosh Singh, remarked that the group's mission is to upgrade all forms of real estate and enable the middle class to travel.

"The hospitality industry is going through a process of innovation and evolution with technology at the core of it all," he said.

"OYO is committed to partner with the government of Thailand and agencies like the Tourism Authority of Thailand to leverage technology to design new offerings and draw more tourists to Thailand. We are committed to offer a superior stay and travel experience to millions of guests in Thailand while helping improve the yield for independent hoteliers in the country," Singh added.

This story has been published from a wire agency feed without modifications to the text. Only the headline has been changed.

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OYO opens 250 hotels in Thailand - Livemint

In a world of conscious uncoupling and trendy divorce rituals that border on bad satire, Noah Baumbachs Marriage Story is a lacerating exploration of a dying marital relationship.

The film opens with Charlie and Nicole (brilliantly played by Adam Driver and Scarlett Johansson) listing each others virtues at the request of their mediator, hoping positive recollections will soften the blow of divorce (Nicole is a good listener, while Charlie is a terrific Dad, etc.). But thats no longer enough for the rising New York theater director and especially his creative partner/muse, a former Hollywood actress who briefly made a name for herself with a few TV appearances. Charlie is indifferent to Nicoles achievement (he never watches television anyway, he says matter-of-factly) and she, in turn, feels invisible. For years, Nicole has wanted to return to Los Angeles, her home base, a desire made all the more pressing when shes offered the chance to do a pilot. Charlie has never had any interest in moving to L.A.

Nicole relocates there with their 8-year-old son, Henry (Azhy Robertson), and the ugly tug-of-war between husband and wife over custody mushrooms, thanks in large part to the legal system and its practitioners (played to scene-stealing perfection by Laura Dern as Nicoles commanding attorney in stilettos, who earnestly espouses, What youre doing is an act of hope, and Ray Liotta as the $900-an-hour barracuda representing Charlie).

Charlie has the worst of it, attempting to keep his work in New York afloat while regularly flying across the country to see his son. Marriage Story provides a detailed look not simply at the dynamics of a couple spiraling downward, but also at the comic and horrible legal wrangling that takes place which, most tragically, distorts Nicole and Charlies relationship even in retrospect.

The granularity of the legal procedural elements alone makes Marriage Story a cutting-edge entry in the divorce movie subgenre. Add to the brew the complicated, contradictory emotions experienced by the warring parties vis a vis each other and, more important, within themselves. Each has valid points; neither is a villain. In true contemporary style, everyone is doing the right thing, and its almost impossible to cast blame, unlike in so many films that cover the same territory.

If Marriage Storyis an artistic leap for Baumbach, its seeds were evident in his 2005 The Squid and the Whale, a divorce narrative told from the perspective of a 16-year-old (Jesse Eisenberg) observing his artsy Park Slope family imploding. His mother, Joan (Laura Linney), is having an affair, but of greater relevance to their marital issues, she and husband Bernard (Jeff Daniels) are two writers whose fortunes are moving in opposite directions: Her career is soaring while his is dead in the water.

Like Marriage Storys Charlie, Bernard is intellectually pretentious, valuing creativity above all else and eschewing commercial success. Its a familiar Baumbach type, reaching full fruition in the filmmakers wonderful 2017 The Meyerowitz Stories (New and Selected) with Dustin Hoffman as the aging patriarch, an artist grappling with mortality and legacy.

The anguish of divorce is natural film fodder, and its been amply covered over the decades in a variety of films, each informed by its genre and era. The slick sitcom Divorce American Style (1967) is galaxies away from Danny DeVitos dark (ultimately violent) 1989 farce The War of the Roses or Husbands and Wives, a 1992 Woody Allen flick that is at once a comic tribute to Ingmar Bergmans Scenes From a Marriage and a self-referential autobiographical pic detailing Allen and Mia Farrows disintegrating relationship. His is a rarefied New York City world where everyone lives in tastefully appointed and/or book-lined homes, makes good money and takes for granted satisfying careers in such settings as Columbia University and high-end editorial offices.

Indeed, all these films zero in on well-heeled, homogeneously white communities where men are usually the primary breadwinners while wives may or may not work. That said, womens employment or lack thereof was leading to donnybrooks in films about divorce way before Marriage Story or even The Squid and the Whale hit the screen. In Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) and War of the Roses, the wives, Joanna and Barbara (Meryl Streep and Kathleen Turner, respectively), are unfulfilled precisely because they have no identity outside the home. Barbara launches a catering business, but her husband Oliver (Michael Douglas) looks down his nose at her. Hes Harvard Law, shes a State University gymnast; hes articulate, she gropes for the right word. Her career blossoms and she grows to detest him, literally wishing him dead.

In Kramer, Streeps Joanna and Hoffmans Ted hail from the same class, but her yearnings have been ignored so she jumps ship to find herself, abandoning her son to Ted, who must now juggle two jobs: high-powered advertising writer and Mr. Mom, a gig he is ill-prepared to tackle. Nonetheless, he grows increasingly attached to his young son. When Joanna returns (as meteorically as she disappeared) with her newly spawned career in tow, she demands custody of their child. Joanna is not a simpatico character, though many would still come to her defense and there was no shortage of ink shed on the topic at the time, the height of the womens movement.

Like Charlie in Marriage Story, the husbands in Kramer and War are baffled and enraged by their wives discontent. Each has worked hard to provide his family with a high standard of living. But unlike Charlie and, for that matter, Squids Bernard, the men in Kramerand War celebrate materialism, while their partners put a premium on communication. It was a long-standing trope that men dont listen on the one hand and refuse to confide their own feelings on the other. That truism persisted, perhaps, until Allen came along and created male figures who discussed their emotional experiences ad nauseam. Arguably, their relentless airing leads to the breakups in his films; openness has its consequences, too.

Extramarital affairs also have played a role in onscreen divorce whether as the cause or symptom of deeper issues.Squids Joan is a cheater and so is George (Albert Finney), Faiths (Diane Keaton) husband in Alan Parkers Shoot the Moon (1982). But nowhere is the extramarital affair a more defining event than in Paul Mazurskys An Unmarried Woman (1978), in which Erica (Jill Clayburgh) is unceremoniously dumped by her husband, Martin (Michael Murphy), for a younger woman. His infidelity leads to divorce and simultaneously becomes a vehicle for Ericas transformation from devastation to a freshly acquired sense of self-worth. Shes no longer interested in Martin and even refuses to tie the knot with her new boyfriend Saul (Alan Bates), an embodiment of sensitivity, warmth, charm and physical appeal. Her independence takes precedence over marriage or even committing herself to spending the summer with a lover whos beyond reproach.

Often the new love interest in divorce films stands in stark contrast to the spouse, thus functioning as further provocation. In Squid, Joans new beau (played by William Baldwin) is a youthful, intellectually limited tennis pro whom Bernard views as the consummate philistine. Similarly, in Shoot the Moon, Faiths post-breakup lover (Peter Weller) is a young construction worker shes hired to build a tennis court in her backyard, which George will have to bankroll. Squids Bernard and Husbands and Wives Gabe (Allen), both creative writing teachers, court their nubile, much younger students (played by Anna Paquin and Juliette Lewis, respectively).

At the same time, in these films, it often seems to be the husbands who suffer most intensely through the divorce, usually because theyre clueless. They also shoulder the exorbitant cost of child support and alimony, causing their own lifestyles to plummet. In Squid, Bernards new abode is in serious disrepair and sparsely furnished a far distance, literally and metaphorically, from his previous (and now his wifes) comfy Park Slope brownstone. In Divorce American Style, the lowered economic status of the hubby played by Dick Van Dyke is played for laughs. The films comic heavy, a sleazy ex-husband (delightfully brought to life by Jason Robards), spends his time concocting ways, one scheme more Machiavellian than the next, to get his ex-wife wealthily remarried so that he can regain his economic equilibrium.

Even in The War of the Roses, in which Oliver is staggeringly rich and doesnt need the family home, he feels entitled to it because he paid for it and moves back in to establish ownership resulting in a mounting melee of blood-curdling assaults. Hes also acting on the advice of counsel (a hilarious Danny DeVito), a figure of unabashed corruption as seen through a Borscht Belt lens who is the predecessor of the more finely realized legal avatars of divorce in Marriage Story.

The potential loss of ones child (or children) is the crucible for the divorced dad, as first (and most poignantly) dramatized in the groundbreakingKramer vs. Kramer, a film that depicts a father who, since his wife walks out on the family, is forced to become the superior parent and deserves custody. Who can forget its three-hanky ending, when Joanna relinquishes her court-awarded rights in favor of a higher moral ground? That was, of course, a feel-good Hollywood denouement, with its obligatory nod to feminism and its credibility up for debate.

More realistic was Shoot the Moon, which memorably illustrates the impact a breakup has on the whole family (including four daughters), as well as on new partners who are not bad people but, like everyone else involved, are trapped in a no-exit morass. Finneys George, a successful writer (again), is having an affair and the tensions between him and Keatons homemaker Faith are mounting, finally erupting in an overplayed dish-breaking scene. Moving in with his mistress (Karen Allen) and her son, George is suddenly part of a new family and losing contact with his own children especially his eldest, Sherry (Dana Hill), who, identifying with her mother, rejects him. In a drunken rampage, George spanks her mercilessly.

But the films final moments say it all. After George crashes through Faiths newly built tennis court, destroying it with his car, he is beaten to a pulp by Faiths construction worker lover (Weller). He lies battered on the ground, his children clustered around him, perhaps with forgiveness. He imploringly extends his hand to Faith, who, peering down at him, remains silent, immobile, refusing to take it. The love is gone, at least from her end.

The feelings are more oblique and messier in Marriage Story, something else that makes the film feel different from the similarly themed works that preceded it. Even as Charlie and Nicole hopelessly watch the demise of their relationship, theyre still connected, however tenuously. At the divorce arbitration, an unpleasant and contentious encounter, Nicole orders Charlies lunch, knowing what he wants when he cant make up his own mind. Its a telling and touching detail.

A year later, after the divorce proceedings have come and gone, a residual love remains between them, coupled with a renewed appreciation and even a redefined affection that in no way negates the inevitability or finality of the breakup. Its both unremittingly sad and also, in its exceptional nuance, unprecedented in films about divorce.

Originally posted here:
'Marriage Story' and the Evolution of the Divorce Film - Hollywood Reporter