Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of relatively low intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process.[1] Aerobic literally means "living in air",[2] and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism.[3] Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time.[1] The intensity should be between 60 and 85% of maximum heart rate.

When practiced in this way, examples of cardiovascular/aerobic exercise are medium to long distance running/jogging, swimming, cycling, and walking, according to the first extensive research on aerobic exercise, conducted in the 1960s on over 5,000 U.S. Air Force personnel by Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper.[4][5]

Aerobic exercise and fitness can be contrasted with anaerobic exercise, of which strength training and short-distance running are the most salient examples. The two types of exercise differ by the duration and intensity of muscular contractions involved, as well as by how energy is generated within the muscle.[6]

New research on the endocrine functions of contracting muscle has shown that both aerobic and anaerobic exercise promote the secretion of myokines, with attendant benefits including growth of new tissue, tissue repair, and various anti-inflammatory functions, which in turn reduce the risk of developing various inflammatory diseases. Myokine secretion in turn is dependent on the amount of muscle contracted, and the duration and intensity of contraction. As such, both types of exercise produce endocrine benefits.[7]

In most conditions, anaerobic exercise is accompanied by aerobic exercises because the less efficient anaerobic metabolism must supplement the aerobic system due to energy demands that exceed the aerobic system's capacity. What is generally called aerobic exercise might be better termed "solely aerobic", because it is designed to be low-intensity enough not to generate lactate via pyruvate fermentation, so that all carbohydrate is aerobically turned into energy.

Initially during increased exertion, muscle glycogen is broken down to produce glucose, which undergoes glycolysis producing pyruvate which then reacts with oxygen (Krebs cycle, Chemiosmosis) to produce carbon dioxide and water and releases energy. If there is a shortage of oxygen (anaerobic exercise, explosive movements), carbohydrate is consumed more rapidly because the pyruvate ferments into lactate. If the intensity of the exercise exceeds the rate with which the cardiovascular system can supply muscles with oxygen, it results in buildup of lactate and quickly makes it impossible to continue the exercise. Unpleasant effects of lactate buildup initially include the burning sensation in the muscles, and may eventually include nausea and even vomiting if the exercise is continued without allowing lactate to clear from the bloodstream.

As glycogen levels in the muscle begin to fall, glucose is released into the bloodstream by the liver, and fat metabolism is increased so that it can fuel the aerobic pathways. Aerobic exercise may be fueled by glycogen reserves, fat reserves, or a combination of both, depending on the intensity. Prolonged moderate-level aerobic exercise at 65% VO2 max (the heart rate of 150 bpm for a 30-year-old human) results in the maximum contribution of fat to the total energy expenditure. At this level, fat may contribute 40% to 60% of total, depending on the duration of the exercise. Vigorous exercise above 75% VO2max (160 bpm) primarily burns glycogen.[8][9]

Major muscles in a rested, untrained human typically contain enough energy for about 2 hours of vigorous exercise. Exhaustion of glycogen is a major cause of what marathon runners call "hitting the wall". Training, lower intensity levels, and carbohydrate loading may allow postponement of the onset of exhaustion beyond 4 hours.[9]

Aerobic exercise comprises innumerable forms. In general, it is performed at a moderate level of intensity over a relatively long period of time. For example, running a long distance at a moderate pace is an aerobic exercise, but sprinting is not. Playing singles tennis, with near-continuous motion, is generally considered aerobic activity, while golf or two person team tennis, with brief bursts of activity punctuated by more frequent breaks, may not be predominantly aerobic. Some sports are thus inherently "aerobic", while other aerobic exercises, such as fartlek training or aerobic dance classes, are designed specifically to improve aerobic capacity and fitness. It is most common for aerobic exercises to involve the leg muscles, primarily or exclusively. There are some exceptions. For example, rowing to distances of 2,000m or more is an aerobic sport that exercises several major muscle groups, including those of the legs, abdominals, chest, and arms. Common kettlebell exercises combine aerobic and anaerobic aspects.

Among the recognized benefits of doing regular aerobic exercise are:[10][citation needed]

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Aerobic exercise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

FAIRMONT Exercise will be going to the dogs this Saturday at Fairmont Fitness.

An Aerobics Marathon that takes place from 8:30 to 11:30 a.m. Saturday at the Fairmont Avenue health club will allow participants to pay a fee whatever they would like to donate to exercise for as long or short of a time as they wish.

You can come in and take one class or all of them, said Shanna Miller, an instructor and trainer at Fairmont Fitness. There are 10 or 12 that stay the whole time, beginning to end.

Nine different instructors will teach 20-minute sessions, Miller added.

Already, members have brought in dog food, treats and replenishing water bowls that are being collected on a table in the lobby of the facility.

Those items, plus any money raised, will be donated to the Marion County Humane Society.

In the past, the funds have gone to the Soup Opera and Pet Helpers, but this year, organizers chose the humane society as the events benefactor.

We need all the support we can get, said Mary Sue Miller, a board member at the Marion County Humane Society. We raise all of our money. We depend on donations and support from the community to keep our shelter open. Without that, we couldnt open.

The humane society has an annual budget of about $80,000 to cover expenses that include veterinarian bills, utilities and salaries for five part-time employees.

Donated items also are greatly appreciated, Mary Sue Miller added.

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Aerobics Marathon to benefit humane society

Im still nimble at 90...and its all because of my love for aerobics

5:50am Wednesday 23rd October 2013 in News By Louise Howeson

SHES as nimble as a cat and has the wrinkle-free skin of a woman half her age.

At 90 years old, Thelma Knights put her vitality down to her lifelong love of aerobics.

She was a devotee of Britains first health guru Eileen Fowler, who lived in Horndon and died, aged 93, in 2000.

Thelma continues to do a vigorous weekly exercise class to keep her fit and agile.

She says: I have been doing aerobics for many years and I credit it for keeping me fit and healthy into old age. I can still bend down to do the gardening, I walk a lot and I never sit down or so my husband Ted tells me!

Thelma, who lives in Colchester, grew up in the days before gym memberships and the high-impact aerobics we know it today.

She followed the Eileen Fowler programme of ladylike, but demanding routines which operated around many local factories across Essex.

From 1934 to 1945, Eileen set up village classes at sixpence a go, but news spread around the UK and she went around the country organising outdoor pageants. In 1956, Eileen launched the Keep-Fit Association, before moving on to television.

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I’m still nimble at 90...and it’s all because of my love for aerobics

All classes are led by certified water aerobics instructors and are 60 minutes in length. Tuesday-Thursday classes are $26.25 (Cash or check payable to FISD). These sessions are four weeks, October 29th through November 21st (There will be no classes on November 14th). Enrollment in any class is limited to the first 25 paid enrollments.

Classes:

Evenings 6:30-7:30 T-TH.

Mornings 9:30-10:30 T-Th.

These classes are deep water only and use Aquajogger equipment. Participants should be comfortable in deep water and will be supported with the Aquajogger buoyancy belt. Other Aquajogger equipment will be added under the guidance of the instructor. This is a no impact workout program that can be easily adjusted to individual needs and goals.

To sign up, come by the Friendswood Aquatic Center, 1115 Falling Leaf between 6:00 am and noon and 1:00 pm to 8:00 pm.

For more information call the Aquatic Center at (281) 992-2505 or e-mail John Little @ jlittle@fisdk12.net.

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Water Aerobics at the Friendswood Aquatic Center

Oct. 18, 2013, 4 a.m.

WARRNAMBOOL aerobics pair Jordan Rooke and Jess Brunt last night chased a breakthrough medal at world championships.

The athletic teenagers had qualified for the final of the junior sport aerobics mixed pairs section in Belgrade, Serbia.

They entered the finals ranked second after impressing judges with their routine in the preliminary and semi-final rounds.

Jordan and Jess, both 15, contested the final the biggest two minutes in their aerobics careers about midnight last night.

Their rise to the world stage comes after months of training with the EKB Fitness and Aerobics crew, under coach Emma Bellman.

Bellman also contested the semi-final and potentially final of the senior sport aerobics female trios section last night, after The Standard went to print.

She teamed with Sheppartons Emma OKeeffe and Geelongs Kayla Bamford, with the three ranked fifth after the preliminary round.

Naringal gun Brenton Andreoli was likewise on track for a podium finish in the senior sport aerobics male solo section.

Andreoli was ranked first after the preliminary round.

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Final spot for aerobics teens