George Bernard Shaw – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Posted: October 30, 2015 at 8:45 am
George Bernard Shaw (Dubln, 26 de julio de 1856 Ayot St. Lawrence, Hertfordshire, 2 de noviembre de 1950) fue un escritor irlands, ganador del Premio Nobel de literatura en 1925 y del scar en 1938.
Shaw naci en Dubln el 26 de julio de 1856, en una familia pobre y protestante. Se educ en el Wesley College en Dubln y emigr a Londres en 1870, para comenzar su carrera literaria. All, escribi cinco novelas que fueron rechazadas por los editores. Comenz a escribir una columna de crtica musical en el peridico Star. Mientras tanto, comenz a involucrarse en la poltica y sirvi como concejal en el distrito de St. Pancras a partir de 1897. Fue un socialista notable, destacado miembro de la Sociedad Fabiana, que buscaba la transformacin de la sociedad a travs de mtodos no revolucionarios.
El trabajo periodstico ejercido durante sus primeros aos comprenda desde la crtica literaria y artstica hasta colaboraciones sobre temas musicales que firm, entre 1888 y 1890, con el seudnimo de Corno di Bassetto.
Shaw se volvi vegetariano[1] cuando tena veinticinco aos, despus de una lectura de H. F. Lester.[2] En 1901, rememorando la experiencia, dijo: Fui canbal durante veinticinco aos. Por el resto de tiempo, he sido vegetariano.[3] Como convencido vegetariano, fue un firme anti-viviseccionista y antagonista de deportes crueles por el resto de su vida. La inmoralidad de comer animales fue una de las causas ms cercanas a su corazn y es un tpico frecuente en sus obras y prefacios. Su posicin, mantenida sucintamente, fue: Un hombre de mi intensidad espiritual no come cadveres.[4]
En 1895, Shaw se convirti en el crtico teatral del peridico Saturday Review, lo cual fue el primer paso hacia la carrera de dramaturgo. En 1898, Shaw se cas con Charlotte Payne-Townshend. Candida, su primera obra exitosa, se estren ese mismo ao. La siguieron The Devil's Disciple (1897), Arms and the Man (1898), Mrs. Warren's Profession (1898), Captain Brassbound's Conversion (1900), Man and Superman (1903), Caesar and Cleopatra (1901), Major Barbara (1905), Androcles and the Lion (1912) y Pigmalin (1913), por la que en 1938 obtuvo el scar al mejor guion adaptado.
Despus de la Primera Guerra Mundial produjo varias obras, incluyendo Heartbreak House (1919) y Saint Joan (1923). Una de las caractersticas de las obras de teatro de Shaw es la larga introduccin que las acompaa. En estos ensayos introductorios, Shaw daba su opinin normalmente controvertida sobre los temas que eran tratados en la obra. Algunos de estos ensayos son inclusive ms extensos que la obra misma.
La turbulencia poltica en Irlanda no le fue indiferente. Acerca del levantamiento de Pascua, Shaw abog en contra de la ejecucin de los lderes rebeldes, argumentando que todos los hogares que se destruyeron podan ser siempre reconstruidos. Shaw fue amigo personal del lder Michael Collins, a quien invit a cenar a su casa cuando Collins negociaba el tratado anglo-irlands con David Lloyd George en Londres.
Shaw se preocup por las incoherencias en la escritura de la lengua inglesa, a tal grado de que en su testamento destin una parte de sus bienes a la creacin de un nuevo alfabeto fontico para el ingls. Tal proyecto nunca pudo comenzar, pues los bienes monetarios que Shaw dej no eran suficientes. Sin embargo, las regalas obtenidas por los derechos de Pigmalin y My Fair Lady (obra musical basada en la obra de Shaw) fueron significativas. Los herederos desarrollaron entonces el denominado alfabeto Shaviano.
Shaw tuvo una larga amistad con el escritor britnico Gilbert Keith Chesterton y con el compositor Sir Edward Elgar. Shaw se convirti en la primera persona en haber ganado durante su vida un Nobel (literatura) y un Oscar (en la categora de mejor guion, por Pigmalin), en 1938.
Desde 1906 hasta su muerte en 1950, Shaw vivi en Shaw's Corner, en el poblado de Ayot St. Lawrence, Hertfordshire. La casa se encuentra abierta al pblico visitante. El Teatro Shaw en Londres se abri nuevamente en 1971, en su honor.
A raz del estreno de la obra "Comandant Barbara", una vitrilica stira al Ejrcito de Salvacin Ingls, las relaciones entre Shaw y Churchill no eran precisamente buenas. El dramaturgo escribi al poltico a propsito del estreno de la obra. "Venga usted con un amigo, si es que lo tiene", a lo que Churchill contest "Me es imposible asistir, acudir a la segunda presentacin, si es que la hay". Esta ancdota ha sido repetida hasta la saciedad y muestra el ingenio de dos personajes de la historia.
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