Sri Aurobindo – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Posted: November 2, 2015 at 4:44 pm
Sri Aurobindo (Calcuta 1872 Pondicherry 1950), nombre de nacimiento Aurobindo Ghose, fue un maestro de yoga y poeta indio que defendi la independencia de la India y del que algunos afirman que fue un descubridor de nuevos caminos de acercamiento a la divinidad y conocimientos sobre La Tierra y el universo.
Sri Aurobindo naci en Calcuta el 15 de agosto de 1872. A la edad de 7 aos fue enviado a Inglaterra, donde pas los siguientes aos de su vida. En 1889 ingres en Cambridge, con una bolsa de estudios concedida por la St. Paul's School de Londres. Despus de haber adquirido los ttulos necesarios para entrar en el servicio civil de la India, en el que no entr por haber rehusado presentarse al examen de equitacin, regres a su pas y entr, en 1893, en el servicio administrativo del principado de Baroda (actual distrito del estado indio de Gujarat). Aparte de su trabajo administrativo, fue nombrado profesor de francs del colegio de Baroda, y, posteriormente, de ingls.
En este periodo aprendi el snscrito y otras lenguas indias. Segua al mismo tiempo con inters los acontecimientos polticos de la India.
Volvi de Inglaterra convertido en un duro crtico de los britnicos a quienes acusaba, por ejemplo, de haber conquistado Irlanda utilizando los viejos mtodos de la traicin cnica y la masacre implacable y de gobernarla con el principio de la fuerza es la ley y de los bengales partidarios de la occidentalizacin de la India. Seal que stos se engaaban a s mismos porque los propios britnicos consideraban a la democracia y al liberalismo como poco apropiados para una nacin sometida, donde es imprescindible mantener la supremaca desptica del hombre blanco aun a costa de todos los principios y de toda moral, y que adems ponan en peligro el alma de la India por culpa de una ciega rendicin a las aberraciones del materialismo europeo. As consideraba que todos los movimientos del siglo XIX en la India haban sido en realidad movimientos europeos que[1]
adoptaban la maquinaria y los mviles de Europa, el llamamiento a los derechos de la humanidad o a la igualdad de estatus social, y una imposible uniformidad que la Naturaleza siempre se ha negado a conceder. Entremezclada con esos falsos evangelios haba una veta de odio y amargura, que se manifestaba en la condena del sacerdocio de los brahmanes, en la hostilidad hacia el hinduismo y en el ignorante distanciamiento de las consagradas tradiciones.
Tambin denunci los pretextos con los que los britnicos justificaban su dominio sobre la India y el imperialismo en general:[1]
El imperialismo tena que justificarse a s mismo frente a esa moderna forma de sentir [que la esclavizacin de una nacin por otra, de una clase por otra, de un hombre por otro resultaba repugnante para la moral], y la nica forma de lograrlo era fingir que se actuaba en calidad de fideicomisario de la libertad, encargado desde las ms altas esferas de civilizar a los incivilizados e instruir a los incultos, hasta que llegara el momento en que el benevolente conquistador hubiera cumplido su tarea y pudiera retirarse de forma altruista. Estos fueron los pretextos con los que Inglaterra justific la usurpacin del legado de los mongoles y nos deslumbr para que diramos nuestra aquiescencia como tributo al esplendor de su rectitud y generosidad.
Con motivo de la divisin de Bengala, en 1905, abandon Baroda y empez a participar abiertamente en poltica, en concreto en el movimiento nacionalista de Bengala, durante el trgico periodo de 1906 a 1910. Trat de influir en la transformacin del pensamiento y opinin de la India, especialmente a travs del peridico Bande Mataram, vehculo de sus teoras. Detenido en 1908, fue encarcelado durante un ao en la prisin de Alipore (Calcuta).
En 1909 afirm sardnicamente que los principales triunfos de la Ilustracin europea ante la que agachamos la cabeza haban sido la chaqueta y los pantalones, el aristcrata britnico, el capitalista estadounidense y el apache parisino.[1]
Tras la tragedia de la Primera Guerra Mundial afirm que la jactanciosa, agresiva y dominante Europa estaba condenada a muerte, a la espera de su aniquilacin y que la civilizacin cientfica, racionalista, industrial y pseudodemocrtica de Occidente estaba en vas de disolucin.[1]
Su estancia en prisin signific un cambio decisivo en su vida. Al salir de la crcel fund dos semanarios, uno en ingls, Karmayogin, y otro en bengal, Dharma. Continu durante algn tiempo sus actividades polticas, pero una noche recibi el aviso de que la polica proyectaba realizar un registro en su despacho de Karmayogin y, para no ser detenido o deportado, fue a esconderse a Chandemagore, a pocos kilmetros de Calcuta. Aqu recibi "una orden de lo Alto" de ir a Pondicherry a donde lleg el 4 de abril de 1910.
Despus de cuatro aos de yoga en el silencio fund, el 15 de agosto de 1914, una revista filosfica mensual, Arya, en la que expresaba, en lenguaje intelectual, su visin del hombre y de la Historia, del destino divino del hombre y del camino a seguir para alcanzarlo, de la marcha de la sociedad humana hacia la unidad y la armona, de la naturaleza y de la evolucin de la poesa, del sentido profundo de los Vedas, de los Upanishad y de la Bhagavad-gt y del espritu y de la significacin de la cultura india.
Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial se pronunci abiertamente en apoyo de la causa aliada, al percibir con claridad el peligro que las fuerzas del nazismo representaban para la evolucin futura de la humanidad.
Tras la independencia declin el ofrecimiento de presidir el Congreso Nacional Indio.
Sri Aurobindo muri el 5 de diciembre de 1950.
Su ntima colaboradora, Mirra Alfassa, ms conocida como La Madre, nacida en Pars de padre turco y madre egipcia, lleg a Pondicherry el 29 de marzo de 1914, asentndose all definitivamente en 1920.
Sri Aurobindo la consideraba su igual, y a causa de su capacidad para la organizacin, se hizo cargo de la vida diaria del shram a partir del 24 de noviembre de 1926, cuando Sri Aurobindo se recluy retirndose de la vida pblica. Desde esta fecha queda a cargo de La Madre la supervisin de los asuntos del shram, incluidos sus Institutos y Auroville, la ciudad internacional cercana a Pondicherry, fundada en 1968.
Tras la desaparicin de Sri Aurobindo, La Madre continu el trabajo yguico emprendido por ste. Las enseanzas de La Madre fueron impartidas principalmente en forma oral, habiendo sido recopiladas en diversos volmenes bajo los ttulos de Conversaciones y de La Agenda. De su obra escrita cabe destacar Plegarias y meditaciones.
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